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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the formula for glucose
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C6H12O6
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What is the formula for fructose
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C6H12O6
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How are glucose and fructose different
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The placement of the carbon atoms are different. Fructose is a 5 ring structure, glucose is a 6 ring structure
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What is a disaccharide
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A sugar joined by a glycosidic linkage
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What happens when a glycosidic linkage forms between two sugar molecules
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A water molecule is lost
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Glucose + fructose = ?
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Sucrose
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Glucose + galactose = ?
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Lactose
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Glucose + glucose = ?
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Maltose
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What is starch
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it is a polymer of alpha-glucose molecules. it's used in energy storage in plant cells
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What is glycogen
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it is a polymer of alpha-glucose molecules. It's used as energy storage in animal cells
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what is cellulose
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it is a polymer of beta-glucose molecules. it's a structural molecule in plants
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what is chitin
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it's a structural molecule in the walls of fungus cells
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What is a triglyceride/triglycerol made of?
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A glycerol and 3 fatty acids. The fatty acids can be saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated
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What is a fatty acid made of?
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A glycerol, 2 fatty acids, and a phosphate group
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When do disulfide bonds form?
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When the sulfur of a cysteine amino acid binds to the sulfur of another cysteine amino acid.
Disulfide bonds help maintain turns of the amino acid chain |
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What is adenine
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A double ring nitrogen base; purine
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What is thymine
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A single ring nitrogen base; pyrimidine
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What is cytosine
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A single ring nitrogen base; pyrimidine
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What is guanine
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A double ring nitrogen base; purine
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T/F: RNA is usually single-stranded and does not form a double helix like DNA
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True
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T/F: An enzyme catalyzes a reaction in only the forward direction
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FALSE
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T/F: Enzymes catalyze reactions in both the forward and reverse directions
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TRUE
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What is a cofactor
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It's a non-protein molecule that assists enzymes
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What is a holoenzyme
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When the cofactor and enzyme bind
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What is an apoenzyme
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The protein part of the enzyme that a coenzyme binds to form an active enzyme
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What is a coenzyme
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An organic factor that usually functions to donate/accept some part of a reaction (e.g. electrons)
ex: some vitamins |
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What are inorganic cofactors
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Metal ions like Fe and Mg
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