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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lymph nodes
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swellings along lymph vessels containing leukocytes that filter lymph to remove and destroy foreign particles
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The human body contains ______ liters of blood
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4-6
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Plasma
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liquid portion of blood (everything but cells)
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Erythrocytes (RBC)
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-oxygen carrying component
-has about 250 million molecules of hemoglobin each -have biconcave shape that increases surface area for gas exchange and greater flex. of movement -formed from stem cells in bone marrow -no nuclei or membranous organelles -phagocytized by spleen and liver |
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Leukocytes (WBC)
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-larger than RBC
-can phagocytize foreign particles -can migrate to tissue to mature into macrophages -can be lymphocytes and be involved in b and t cell activity |
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Platelets
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-cell fragment
-lack nuclei -involved in clot formation |
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Thromboplastin "cascade
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clotting factor released by platelets that converts inactive prothrombin to thrombin > thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin > fibrin coats damaged area and traps blood cells to form a clot
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Humoral immunity
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-the production of antibodies
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Antibody
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complex proteins that recognize and bind to specific antigens to trigger the immune system response to remove them
-attract leukocytes to phagocytize the antigen or cause antigens to agglutinate facilitating their removal by phagocytes |
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Active immunity
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production of antibodies during an immune response
-eg vaccination -may require weeks to build |
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Passive immunity
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transfer of antibodies produced by another organism
eg maternal antibodies that cross placenta to fetus -short-lived -not specific |
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B-cells
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lymphocytes that produce antibodies
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Cell mediated immunity
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macrophages, t-cells, phagocytize foreign particles
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Helper T cells
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the "middlemen" of the adaptive immune system. Once activated, they divide rapidly and secrete small proteins called cytokines that regulate or "help" the immune respons
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Cytotoxic T cells
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destroy virally infected cells and tumor cells, and are also implicated in transplant rejection.
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Memory T cells
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a subset of antigen-specific T cells that persist long-term after an infection has resolved.
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Natural Killer T cells
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a special kind of lymphocyte that bridges the adaptive immune system with the innate immune system
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T-cell types
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Helper T cells
Cytotoxic T cells Memory T cells Regulatory T cells (suppressor) Natural Killer T cells |
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Nonspecific defense mechanisms
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-skin
-mucous-coated epithelia -macrophages -granulocyte -fever -interferons |
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Universal recipient
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AB blood
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universal donor
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type O
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Rh factor
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-another antigen present on the surface of RBC that can cause compatibility problems during pregnancy
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