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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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biomedical model |
a model of health that views disease as resulting from a specific and identifiable cause, such as virus, abnormality, or physical insult |
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biopsychosocial model |
a model of health that views disease as resulting from biological, psychological, and social factors |
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disease |
a malfunctioning or maladaptation of biological and psychophysiologic processes in the individual |
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holistic health |
a perspective on health that considers the physical, social, environmental, and sometimes spiritual needs of the individual |
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health disparities |
differences in health outcomes by groups, such as between and females, african americans an european americans, and people of different SES |
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homeostasis |
maintaining steady, stable functioning in our bodies when there are changes in the environment. |
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Illness |
personal, interpersonal, and cultural reactions to disease or discomfort |
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immigrant paradox |
despite the many challenges of adapting and adjusting to a new country, immigrants show better physical health compared to non-immigrants - and with further assimilation, more negative health outcomes |
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infant mortality |
the number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births |
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life expectancy |
average number of years a person is expected to live from birth - wealthier countries with greater resources have lengthened life expectancy |
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pathogen |
an infectious agent such as a virus or bacteria |
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subjective well-being |
a persons perceptions and self judgements of their health and well being that includes feelings of happiness and life satisfaction |
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Yin and Yang |
represent negative and positive energies. Part of Chinese cultures view on health |
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Attributions of health |
causes of what leads to good health, effects how diseases are diagnosed and treated |
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Are view of health changing as a result of immigration, migration, and globalization? |
yes |
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What are the three indicators of health that are used world wide? |
Life expectancy Infant Mortality Subjective well-being |
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What have studies focused on subjective well being and illness found? |
those who report higher SWB were less susceptible to virus. Also, people with higher SWB have stronger immune systems, less heart attacks, and less artery blockage |
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Do economic factors effect subjective well being? |
Yes, to some extent, but it does not account for all of the variation |
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What types of factors are linked to most diseases |
complex factors that include mutations in multiple genes that interact with environmental factors |
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What was found in a study looking at SES and health outcomes? |
SES is consistently associated with health outcomes - people of higher SES have better health than low SES. May be due to health related behaviours (smoking), and psychological characteristics (depression) and subjective perception of SES |
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Has perceived racism shown to have an effect on health? |
Yes, it is an important factor that might contribute to disparities in health of ethnic groups. |
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What has been found in studies that looked at social contact and mortality rates |
People with the fewest social ties suffered the highest mortality rate, and people with the most social ties had the lowest rate. The perception of few social support or feeling lonely is important. |
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Relationships between culture and incedence of disease |
culture is a major ingredient in mediating stress, which affects health (pg 192-193) |
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How might the differences between someones personal cultural values and those of society, effect someones health? |
these differences may produce stress, which in turn leads to negative health outcomes. Greater discrepancies between self and societal cultural values = psychological stress = greater needs for coping = affects emotion and mood = greater anxiety and depression = more physical health problems |
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What has body weight ideals and body dissatisfaction found to be linked to? |
SES |
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Has religion been found to play a role in suicide? |
yes, culture and religion play an important role, but the relations are not straight forward |
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Acculturation |
the process of individual change and adaptation as a result of continuous contact with a new, distinct culture. |
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What two factors are important to consider in acculturation? |
How connected and involved people are in both their heritage culture and dominant culture |
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What might be some factors behind the immigrant paradox? |
healthy behaviours, social support, immigrant selectivity (those who immigrate are the ones that are healthier) |
