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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
attributions |
inferences people make about the causes of events & their own/others' behaviors |
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better than average effect |
tendency for people to underestimate commonality of desirable traits & overestimate their own uniqueness |
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collective identity |
form of identity that recognizes our belonging to social categories (ex. religion, culture, ethnicity |
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correspondence bias |
fundamental attribution error tendency to explain behaviors of others using internal attributions & explain own behaviors using external attributions |
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cultural identity |
person's psychological membership in distinct culture (where they see themselves as member of whatever culture they're in) |
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cultural reaffirmation effect |
higher value placed on traditional values in immigrant groups compared to original cultural group |
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dispositional attributions |
attributions about people's internal characteristics, traits, or personality |
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ethnic identity |
person's psychological membership in distinct ethnic group |
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external attributions |
external locus of control;
situational attributions; attributions that locate cause of behavior outside of individual (ex. other people, God, luck, etc.) |
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identity
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way person understands themselves & is recognized by others; universal but influenced by culture |
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identity denial |
when person isn't recognized as member of group to which they identify |
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independent construal of self |
sense of self that views self as bounded entity separated from others (island) |
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interdependent construal of self |
sense of self that views self as connected to others, flexible & contingent on context |
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internal attributions |
dispositional attributions; attributions that specify cause of behavior as within person; internal locus of control |
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mutual self - enhancement
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indirect way of seeking compliments between close partners |
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personal identity |
form of identity characterized by qualities/attributes that distinguish oneself from others |
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racial identity
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person's psychological membership in distinct racial group
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relational identity |
identity referring to our qualities of ourselves in relation to others (ex. friendly, sociable, caring) |
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self - concept |
idea/images that person has about themselves & how/why they behave way that they do |
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self - effacement |
tendency to downplay one's virtues |
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self - enhancement |
collection of psychological processes that person uses to maintain/enhance their self - esteem |
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self - esteem |
cognitive & affective evaluations we make about ourselves |
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self - serving bias
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bias where people tend to attribute good deeds/actions to themselves & bad deeds/actions to environment/others |
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situational dispositions |
external attributions; attributions based on situation/context |
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tactical self - enhancement |
idea that people self - enhance based on values their culture places emphasis on (ex. americans self - enhance on individualistic traits) |
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terror management theory |
suggests that humans are only animals aware that we're going to die eventually & are terrified of death |
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multicultural identity |
person who has multiple cultural identities; influenced by globalization, immigration, etc. |
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process of developing multicultural identity |
5 steps; assimilation, acculturation, alternation, multiculturalism, & fusion |
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assimilation |
person embraces dominant culture
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acculturation |
bicultural, often involves code switching (switching back & forth between home language & new culture's language) |
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alternation |
person changes identity based on situation |
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multiculturalism |
person forms distinct, positive identity |
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fusion |
person forms identity that combines cultures |
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cultural reaffirmation effect |
higher value of traditional values in |
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what area of the brain is self represented in? |
ventral medial prefrontal cortex
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specific content of any person's/group's identity is . . .
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culturally determined
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identities are . . .
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universal
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cultural frame switching |
when bicultural individuals switch between cultural identities based on the situation; same as alternation |
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how do bicultural people differ from natives monocultural people? |
tend to endorse native values more so than people who have never left that culture |
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matsumoto study |
supported idea of cultural reaffirmation; Japanese American people endorsed collectivism more than Japanese |
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jones & harris study of attributions |
subjects asked to determine if writer had pro - castro attitudes from pro - castro essay they'd written (even though they were told that person was assigned to write on that prompt)
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