Crop Physiology - Chapter 8

Front 1

Abscisic Acid

Back 1

a hormone that inhibits instead of promoting plant growth

function is to counteract the growth

Front 2

Apical Dominance

Back 2

apex of plant dominates growth and use of food reserves

Front 3

Apical Meristems

Back 3

the tip of the stems and branches

these tend to dominate the use of plant resources for growth.

Front 4

Auxin

Back 4

"to increase or grow"

discovered in 1927 by Fritz Wendt Oats

main function is cell elongation or enlargment

it soften the cell wall so water can enter and cause the stretching of cells

Front 5

Climacteric Fruits

Back 5

have a significant increase in respiration at ripening cause by the presence of ethylene. they show a soike in ethylene production before the rise in respiration.

Front 6

Cytokinin

Back 6

promotes cytokenesis or cell division, that is, it stimulates mitosis.

Front 7

Epinasty

Back 7

twisting and curling of leaves

Front 8

Ethephon

Back 8

used to promote preharvest ripening of top fruit, soft fruit, tomoatos and more

"a plant growth regulator:

Front 9

Gibberellins

Back 9

a large group of hormones that causes cell elongation.

stimulates elongation of cells, stem growth, and fruit/flower development in some plants

Front 10

Gravitropism

Back 10

growth in response to gravity, enable roots to grow sownward and leaves to grow upwards

Front 11

Hormone

Back 11

an organic complund synthesized in one part of the plant and translocated to another part, where , in very low concentrations, it causes a psychologial response.

Front 12

Indole Acetic Acid

Back 12

the most abundent of the auxins and was the first dicovered.

synthesized from amino acid tryptophan in buds, young leaves, and fruits.

Front 13

Florigen

Back 13

flowering hormone

Front 14

Lodging

Back 14

when the plant falls over

*like the rice did in the fields when gibberellins were given to it

Front 15

Non-climacteric Fruits

Back 15

do not show an increase in respiration or ethylene producation at ripening

ex. citrus and grapes

Front 16

Parthenocarpy

Back 16

producation of fruits without fertilization

Front 17

Phototropism

Back 17

growth in respect to light

Front 18

Phytohormone

Back 18

a plant growth regulator/hormone that is naturally produced

Front 19

Plant growth regulators

Back 19

can be natural and syntheric and other non-nutrient chemials are not found in plants but affect plants a when applied to them.

Front 20

Quiescence

Back 20

induces dormancy in seeds and plants

Front 21

receptors

Back 21

specific cellular proteins that interact with hormones

Front 22

senescence

Back 22

aging

Front 23

synthetic hormones

Back 23

hormones that are synthetically produced

Front 24

systemin

Back 24

a protein used in resistance and defense against pathogens

Front 25

thigmotropism

Back 25

plant response to touch, allows roots to grow around stones

Front 26

zeatin

Back 26

most abundant natural cytokinin.

found in coconut milk

Front 27

10 uses of plant hormones

Back 27

1. weed killer
2. producing seedless grapes
3. cloning plants
4. retarding vegitative growth or growth supplements
5. stimulating uniform ripening of fruits
6. defoliation.
7. post harvest ripening
8. germination and propagation
9. control of flowering/fruiting
10. assimilate partitioning

7

Front 28

what is ethylene produced by?

Back 28

citrus fruits

*an orange will make a banana ripen much faster

Front 29

Phytohormone vs Synthetic hormone

Back 29

phyto are natural hormones and synthetic are not

Front 30

5 major groups of hormones

Back 30

1. Auxins
2. Gibberellins
3. Cytokinins
4. Abscisic Acid
5. Ethylene

Front 31

What is the most abundant auxin?

Back 31

Indole Acetic Acid (IAA)

Front 32

Descrie Polar transport

Back 32

the regulated transport of the plant hormone, auxin, in plants. It moves from the apex to the base.

It does not exsist in pure form

Front 33

name 2 synthetic auxins that have been developed

Back 33

INdole-3-butyric acid (IBA)

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)

theta-Naphthealene acetic acid (theta-NAA)

(Dicamba)

(2,4,5-T) or (Agent Orange)

Front 34

what influences the amount of auxins present

Back 34

oxidation/carboxylation, conjugation, compartmentalization in chloroplasts, and transport

Front 35

how was gibberellins discovered?

Back 35

in 1920 Japanese Farmers noticed their rice growing tall but not producing any seeds and falling over (lodging). Farmers called it foolish seeds.

Front 36

how do gibberellins and auxins work together?

Back 36

apical dominance, abscission, and parthenocarpy

Front 37

what do cytokinins promote?

Back 37

cyrokinesis

Front 38

whats the most abundant natural cytokinin?

Back 38

Zeatin

Front 39

what are the physiological functions of abscisic acid?

Back 39

counteract the growth promoting effects of other hormones

Front 40

by what is ABA inactivated?

Back 40

conjugation and oxidation

Front 41

what is Etylene known as?

Back 41

the ripening hormone

Front 42

what does it mean to say Etylene is passively diffused?

Back 42

???? pg. 83

Front 43

what factors promote ethylene production?

Back 43

fruit ripening, flower senescence, IAA, wounding, chilling injury, drought stress, flooding

Front 44

3 agricultural uses of ethylene

Back 44

use for ripening walnuts, apples, bananas, tomatos, avacados, melons, and other climacteric fruits,

use to promote chery abscission

used to think apple and peach trees of excess fruit

Front 45

3 signal transduction molecules that are additional plant hormones

Back 45

jasmonic acid
salicylic acid
systemin