Connective Tissue

Front 1

Glycoproteins

Back 1

Fibronectin
Laminin
Entactin
Tenascin
Osteonectin

Front 2

Fibronectin

Back 2

multifunction glycoprotein in three main forms:
1. Plasma Protein
2. Attach to cell surface
3. Insoluble fibrils

Front 3

Laminin

Back 3

Basal Lamina component that mediates cell adhesion. Sulfated Glycoprotein
Producted by epithelial and endothelial cells
Cross shaped cells
Anchors cells to the basal lamina

Front 4

Entactin

Back 4

component of all basement membran and binds with laminin

Front 5

Tenascin

Back 5

Extracellular and cell adhesion.
Thought to be important for cell migration in developing nervous system

Front 6

Glycosaminoglycans

Back 6

unbranched polysaccharide repeating made up of HEXOSAMINE (glucosamine or galactosamine) and a URONIC ACID (glucuronic or iduronic acid)
4 Classes:
Hyaluronic acid
chondrotin sulfate & dermatin sulfate,
Heparan sulfate & heparin,
Keratan sulfate

Front 7

Proteoglycans

Back 7

protein core that GAGs bid to

Front 8

Glycoproteins

Back 8

globular protein molecules which branch chains of monosaccharides covalently bind

Front 9

Integrin

Back 9

cell surface receptor that connects cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix

Front 10

Collagen Fibers

Back 10

Produced in 2 stages (intra and extra cellular)
Ubiquitous distrobution
Various Molecular Forms

Front 11

Type I Collagen

Back 11

Large Banded collagen fiber
Skin, dermis, tendon, bone ligaments,

Front 12

Type II Collagen

Back 12

small banded collagen fiber
Hyaline and elastic cartilage, vertebral disks

Front 13

Type III Collagen

Back 13

small banded collagen fiber
blood vessels, parenchymal, organs, bone marrow, lymphoid

Front 14

Type IV Collagen

Back 14

Sheet like layers
basement membranes, external laminae

Front 15

Type VII Collagen

Back 15

Short Striated Fibrils
Anchoring fibrils in basement membrane of skin and amnion

Front 16

Elastic fibers

Back 16

Fibrillin + Elastin
coiled branching fibers
composition requires the used of specialized enxyme elastase
can stretch 150% of length
synthesis from fibroblast in elastic ligaments and smooth muscle cells and chondrocytes/chondroblasts in elastic cartilage

Front 17

Reticular Fibers or Reticulin

Back 17

extremely thin and loosely packed tropocollagen fibrils
Mostly Type III collagen
High Carbohydrate content
delicate framework of organs and glands

Front 18

Connective Tissue Proper

Back 18

throughout body wherever nerves and blod travel
predominance of fibers, mostly Type I collagen
binds cells and tissues into organs and organ systems

Front 19

Loose Connective tissue

Back 19

AKA areolar tissue-seemingly disorganized
Fewer fibers but more cells
well vascularized, flexible and not resistant to stress
more abundant
collection of collagen, elastic and reticular + cells + ground substance

Front 20

Dense Connective tissue

Back 20

more fibers but fewer cells
nearly all Type I collagen
classified as REGULAR or IRREGULAR

Front 21

Irregular Dense Connective Tissue

Back 21

fiber bundles with no definite orientation
cover fragile organs to protect from multidirectional stress
characteristic of dermis
capsule of TMJ
**Most common is Collagen Type I

Front 22

Regular Dense Connective tissue

Back 22

uniform parallel fashion of fiber bundles
attenuated fibroblasts occupy narrow spaces
Tendons and ligaments
**Most commonly made up of Collagen Type I

Front 23

Myofibroblasts

Back 23

characteristic of fibroblasts
necessary in wound healing
contain more actin
**Contract during wound healing to shrink the size of scar tissue

Front 24

Reticular tissue

Back 24

netwok of branched reticular fibers where macrophages are dispersed
Common in the spleen liver and lymph organs

Front 25

Adipose tissue

Back 25

primary storage of energy (triglycerides)
rich neurovascular supply
receptors for growth hormone, insulin, glucocorticoids, thyroid and norepinephrin to modulate uptake/release of fat
Adults have unilocular and bears have multi-locular

Front 26

Wharton's jelly

Back 26

mucous tissue found mainly in the umbilical cord
abundance of ground substance (primarily hyaluronic acid
Cells are mostly fibroblasts

Front 27

Fibroblast

Back 27

Most numerous cells in connective tissue
Made from mesenchymal cells
oval nucleus and often 2 nucleoli
Synthesize, secrete and maintain all major matrix components: COLLAGEN, ELASTIN, GAGs, etc.
Two stages: Active and Inactive

Front 28

Active Fibroblast

Back 28

ovid nucleus with fine chromatin
Rich in RER and strong Golgi

Front 29

Quiescent

Back 29

Smaller than active
fewer processes and dark nuclei
small amount of RER
Sometimes called fibrocyte

Front 30

Macrophages

Back 30

Second most popular in connective tissue proper
originate in bone marrow as monocyte
principle phagocytosing cell of connective tissue
can unite to form FOREIGHN BODY GLAND CELL
Macrophage> B lymphocyte > Plasma Cell
Leave the blood as monocyte and develop as macrophage in CT

Front 31

Mast Cells

Back 31

From myeloid stem cells during hematopoiesis
Surface with many folds, well-developed Golgi, scant RER
Functions as storage chemical mediators of inflammatory response
contain histamine, heparin, leukotrienes

Front 32

Lipoblast

Back 32

Multilocular adipocyte (black fat)
Unilocular adipocyte (white fat)

Front 33

Mucous Connective Tissue

Back 33

embryo
pulps of teth

Front 34

Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells

Back 34

Pericytes,
Perivascular Cells
Adventitial Cells
may retain the pluripotential role of mesenchymal cell
smaller than fibroblast and mostly around vessels

Front 35

Edema

Back 35

increased volume of tissue fluid
cause: venous obstruction of decreased venous blood flow, increased capillary permeability, starvation, localized pressure

Front 36

Keloids

Back 36

swelling in skin as result of increased collagen formation in hyperplastic scar tissue
most common with african americans

Front 37

Tumors of Adipose Tissues

Back 37

Lipomas are common benign tumors of adipocytes
Liposarcomas are malignant
most common in retroperitoneal tissue in various areas of leg

Front 38

Anaphylatic shock

Back 38

powerful mediators during a second exposure to allergen

Front 39

Hypertrophic obersityObesity

Back 39

increased size of adipose cells

Front 40

hyperplastic obesity

Back 40

increased number of adipose cells

Front 41

Ehlers-Danlos Type IV syndrome

Back 41

patient's presenting with rupture of bowel and/or large arteries
genetic defect in transcription of Type II Collagen, main component of reticular fibers that normally cover bowel and large arteries

Front 42

Marfan's Syndrom

Back 42

Absence of fibrillin
pt is very tall with wide arm span

Front 43

Scurvy

Back 43

deficiency of vit. C
poorly forms hydroxylated tropocollagen so cant form stable triple helix or collagen fibril
causes bleeding gums and eventually tooth loss

Front 44

Wound Healing

Back 44

fibrnectin "tracks"
migration of fibroblasts across blood clots to adhere to fibronectin
re-epithelization in epithelia which depends on the basal lamina
If the BM is not intact, usually will have to form fibrous scar

Front 45

Where is reticular found?

Back 45

liver sinusoids, smooth muscle cells, forms stroma of bone marrow, spleen, and lymphatic organs

Front 46

Where is Elastic found?

Back 46

found in the dermis, lungs, elastic cartillage of the back/neck, as well as blood vessels where it forms fenestrated sheets