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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Abstraction ladder |
A range of more to less abstract terms describing an event or object |
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Abstract language |
Language that lacks a description of observable elements |
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Behavioral language |
Language that describes observable behavior |
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"But" statements |
Statements in which the word but cancels out the expression that preceded it |
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Convergence |
The process of adapting one's speech style to match that of others with whom the communicator wants to identify |
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Divergence |
Speaking mannerisms that emphasize a communicator's differences from others |
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Emotive language |
Language that conveys the sender's attitude rather than simply offers an objective description |
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Equivocal language |
Ambiguous language that has two or more equally plausible meanings |
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High-context cultures |
Cultures that avoid direct use of language, relying on the context of a message to convey meaning |
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"I" language |
A statement that describes the speaker's reaction to another person's behavior without making judgments about its worth |
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"It" statements |
Statements that replace the personal pronoun "I" with the less immediate word "it," often reducing the speaker's acceptance of responsibility for the statement |
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Linguistic relativism |
The notion that the worldview of a culture is shaped and reflected by the language its members speak |
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Low-context cultures |
Cultures that use language primarily to express thoughts, feelings, and ideas as clearly and logically as possible |
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Powerless speech mannerisms |
Ways of speaking that may reduce perceptions of a communicator's power |
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Pragmatic rules |
Linguistic rules that help communicators understand how messages may be used and interpreted in a given context |
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Relative words |
Words that gain their meaning by comparison |
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Sapir-Whorf hypothesis |
Theory of linguistic determinism in which language shapes a culture's perceived reality |
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Semantic rules |
Rules that govern the meaning of language, as opposed to its structure |
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Static evaluation |
The tendency to view people or relationships as unchanging |
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Syntactic rules |
Rules that govern the ways symbols can be arranged, as opposed to the meanings of those symbols |
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"We" language |
Statement that implies that the issue is the concern and responsibility of both the speaker and receiver of a message |
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"You" language |
A statement that expresses or implies a judgment of the other person |
