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103 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Features used to judge the quality and value of pearls. |
Value factors
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9
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Dark areas in a faceted transparent colored stone.
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Extinction |
23
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You shouldn’t use trade terms that imply ... if you can’t be sure of its actual source.
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a gem’s geographic origin
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37
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peridot, yellow sapphire, golden beryl, greenish yellow chrysoberyl, aquamarine, pyrope-almandite (red garnet), almandite garnet, yellow to orange grossularite garnet, bluish colors in emeralds, iolite, orthoclase feldspar, brown to orange chalcedony, nephrite jade, indicolite
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gems colored by iron
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51
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Minerals dense enough to become concentrated and separated from lighter ones by the action of surface water.
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Heavy minerals
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65
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Changes in rock type and minerals over a wide area, caused by heat and pressure of large-scale geological events.
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Regional metamorphism
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79
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Jadeite with color that’s ... is far more valuable than jadeite with uneven coloration.
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evenly distributed, uniform, and strong
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93
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Trade term for rare, expensive, vibrant green to blue or violet elbaite tourmaline, originally found only in Brazil’s Paraíba state.
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Paraíba tourmaline
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107
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Terms often used in the jewelry industry to describe particular gemstone colors or link gems with specific geographic locations.
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Trade terms
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121
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Most retailers prefer to buy cultured pearls from ...
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dealers
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135
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blank |
blank |
149
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A mixture of clear varnish and fish scales used in making imitation pearls. |
Essence d’orient
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163
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... is essential to making your stones look their best. |
Presentation
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177
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If a pearl color is in demand and it’s also rare, its value ...
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increases
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191
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Artistic gem cuts that aren’t limited to specific proportions or shapes. |
Designer cuts
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205
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Cutting style with mainly square and rectangular facets arranged in concentric rows.
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Step cut
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219
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Most outline variations in colored stones are intended to …
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save weight
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233
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The finest aquamarines are a ____ color
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moderately strong, medium-dark blue to slightly greenish blue
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247
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A small shovel made of thin metal, used for picking up gems.
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Scoop
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261
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Inclusions that form a pattern that often resembles a human fingerprint.
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Fingerprint
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275
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The most valuable fire opals usually display ... (color range)
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uniform red-orange to bright red color
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289
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Boulder opal is mined only in the state of ... in northeastern Australia.
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Queensland
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303
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columnar with 3, 4, 6, 8, or 12 parallel faces; many aquamarine and tourmaline crystals
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prism or prismatic
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317
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Mohs of tourmaline, tsavorite, red garnet, iolite, amethyst, and zircon
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7 to 7 5
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331
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8 gems colored by manganese
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red/pink beryl, yellow to orange in garnet, spessartite, kunzite, morganite beryl, malaya garnet, rhodonite, apatite
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345
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The exterior shape of a crystal often indicates its symmetry at an ...
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atomic level
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359
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Any hazy or milky area that cannot be described as a feather, fingerprint, or group of included crystals or needles.
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Cloud
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373
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An imitation of aventurine feldspar made of glass that contains small copper crystals.
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Goldstone
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387
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One of the first gems to be fashioned, ... has been used in jewelry for almost 3,000 years.
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chalcedony
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401
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Range lapis origins by value (3)
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Persian or Afghan; Russian or Siberian; Chilean (descending value)
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415
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Imitations of turquoise (7)
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Gilson synthetic turqoise, glass, plastic, reconstructed turquoise, howlite, varicite, blue chalcedony
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429
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A necklace with the largest pearl in the center and progressively smaller pearls approaching the clasp.
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Graduated strand
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443
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A necklace featuring pearls that are very nearly the same size.
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Uniform strand
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457
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What are the three minerals in unakite?
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Granite containing quartz, pink feldspar, green epidote
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471
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Percentage of mogok ruby/blue sapphire
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90/10
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485
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Kenya ruby mines (2)
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Penny Lane Mine & John Saul Mine
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499
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what is the Thai ruby disclosure system (3 levels)
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Thai disclosure system - Class A - no visible residue; Class B - some residue visible within stone; Class C - some visible residue on surface
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513
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3 cutting centers for blue sapphire
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Thailand and India; Sri Lanka moving up
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527
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cutting dilemma for tanzanite
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cutting direction determines gem's overall face-up color; cut to emphasize blue purple often gives larger stone; smaller stone if cut for pure blue
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541
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A treatment in which a gem is exposed to high temperatures and chemicals to allow penetration of color-causing elements.
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Lattice diffusion
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555
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Treatments - iolite
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none
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569
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Color range - yellow chrysoberyl
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greenish yellow
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583
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The ... of a fine-quality gem can be a powerful sales tool and have an impact on its value.
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documented origin
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597
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color element - yellow, brown, and blue topaz
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color centers
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611
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What color topaz does asia favor?
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pink and red
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625
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color range morganite
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pastel pink to peach gem; usually light; pink, rose, peach, salmon
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639
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Kinds and relative quantities of atoms that make up a material.
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Chemical composition
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653
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What is the rarest beryl?
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red beryl
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667
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treament (1) aquamarine
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nearly all are heated after cut; undetectable and permanent; some prefer untreated
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681
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What % of opal is water
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contains 3-10, sometimes up to 20% water
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695
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Which two people made opal synethetics?
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Slocum and Gilson
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709
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3 central elements and 3 optional elements of feldspar
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Aluminum, silicon, oxygen - also optionally potassium, calcium, sodium
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723
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Many colored stones are mined by independent miners using …
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small-scale mining methods
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737
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What kind of gem is phenmenal and non-phenomenal labradorite?
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Plagioclase feldspar
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751
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Type of gem - spodumene
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pyroxene group (cousin of Jadeite)
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765
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Blue star sapphires generally cost ... than star rubies ofequivalent quality.
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much less
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779
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color elements in diopside
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chromium and vanadium
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793
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Cutting compromises that save weight can also cause (2) or both.
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extinction, windows,
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807
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Crystal habit of tourmaline
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elongated with rounded triangular cross section; fine grooves along length
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821
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What two elements can contribute to chrome tourmaline?
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vanadium of chromium
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835
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finest quality blue and green tourmaline?
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pure green hues without yellowish or brownish components in med to med dark tones
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849
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A type of sagenitic quartz containing needle-like rutile inclusions.
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Rutilated quartz
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863
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are garnets DR or SR?
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SR
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877
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types of synthetic spinel?
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2
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891
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inclusions (2)
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less included than emerald; partially healed fractures - fingerprints; small graphite platelets
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905
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Emission of visible light by a material when it’s stimulated by ultraviolet radiation.
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Fluorescence
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919
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When a gem’s crystal structure doesn’t change incoming light other than by refraction and absorption.
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Single refraction
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933
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cut considerations for almandite
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hallowback (to lighten tone); shallow proportions
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947
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finest quality rhodolite?
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lovely and vibrant purplish red
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961
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what kind of garnet is hessonite?
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grossularite garnet
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975
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what kind of garnet(s) is malaya?
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pyrope, almandite, spessartite garnets
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989
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Clearly and accurately informing customers about the nature of the goods they buy.
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Disclosure
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1003
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A single assembled stone made from three separate pieces of material fused or cemented together, or from two pieces and a colored cement layer.
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Triplet
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1017
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principle source for top quality jadeite
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Myanmar
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1031
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second mining for amber
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Dominican Republic - second greatest volume; more traditional mining methods; not as expensive as Baltic amber
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1045
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Market availability for conchiolin coral
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Australia banned coral exports in 1994; No black coral in Hawaii - endangered species
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1059
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The finest moonstones possess a …
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colorless, semitransparent to nearly transparent appearance and vivid blue adularescence
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1073
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transparency for jet?
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semitranslucent to opaque
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1087
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The presence of ... produces lapis lazuli’s prized royal blue color.
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lazurite
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1101
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The largest, most consistent turquoise market is the ...
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American Southwest
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1115
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sphene is also known as…
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titanite
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1129
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7 mining for emerald
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after Columbia, Zambia - 2nds largest supplier, Brazil, Zambia, Sandawana Zimbabwe, Afghanistan & Pakistan
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1143
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describe Brazilian emeralds
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Brazil - More commercial quality than columbia; less saturated, light to med green; bluer than Columbian, due to increased iron
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1157
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what are 7 grades in GIA Pearl description system
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GIA Pearl Description System - size, shape, color, luster, surface quality, nacre quality, matching
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1171
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Tsavorite is mined mostly in …
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East Africa
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1185
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... is the most rare and valuable spinel hue.
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Red
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1199
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A city, region, or country with a large number of gemstone manufacturers.
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Cutting center
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1213
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A widely used trade term for gem-quality topaz of medium reddish orange to orange-red color.
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Imperial topaz
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1227
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... produces either darkness or the brightening of one or more colors.
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Interference
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1241
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Gems that are commonly heat treated include … (6)
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corundum, tanzanite, zircon, topaz, aquamarine, and amber
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1255
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Not everyone agrees on the division between ... and pink, purple, or orange sapphire.
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ruby
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1269
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Higher levels of ... make basalt-hosted sapphires darker in color than non-basaltic sapphires.
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iron
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1283
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... is the most common sapphire synthesis method.
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Flame fusion
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1297
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Emeralds from ... generally have fewer fractures than emeralds from other sources.
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African mines
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1311
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... can be an affordable alternative to tanzanite because in comparable quality, it sells for about one-tenth the price.
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Iolite
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1325
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The shapes of many tourmaline crystals often force cutters to fashion gems with …
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slender proportions
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1339
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what color on akoya increases value?
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Pink on akoya increases value
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1353
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treatments (4) freshwater pearls
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bleached, tinted, dyed, irradiated (darkens nacre of freshwater)
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1367
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crystal habit for quartz
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trigonal crystal system
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1381
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color element citrine
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iron
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1395
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mining ametrine (1)
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Bolivia - only source of natural ametrine; Brazilian border 1970s; Anihi Mine
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1409
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What is a zebra's tiger eye?
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Zebra Tiger's Eye - varigated grayish blue and brown variety
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1423
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color range of carnelian?
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warm hued chalcedonies; yellowish orange to orangy red to a brownish red |
1437
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