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41 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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one of most valuable chalcedony varities |
crysocolla in chalcedony |
1447
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what gives crysocola in calcedony color?
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chrysocolla is blue mineral that gives chalcedony its color
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1449
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what is any chalcedony without any special name of its own
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jasper
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1450
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what type of gem is jasper
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cryptocrystalline quartz
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1451
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type of japser with disctinctive look; red ro brownish flecks on dark green backgrounds
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bloodstone
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1452
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what type of gem is bloodstone?
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cryptocrystalline quartz
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1453
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what type of gem is carnelian
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cryptocrystalline quartz
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1454
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what is the most priced of calcedonies
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Chrysoprase
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1455
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finest color of calcedony
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light to medium yellowish green; can rarely be green to bluish color d/t Chromium
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1456
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color range of calcedony
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light to medium yellowish green
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1457
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imitation (1) of calcedony
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gray chalcedony soaked in water, acid, and chromium or nickel compounds then heated and dried |
1458
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care for calcedony
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can fade when heated or exposed to sunlight
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1459
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where is fire agate mined?
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San Luis Potosi, Mexico and Jalisco, Mexico
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1460
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why is iris agate iridescent?
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iridescent; twisting of gem's crystal crystal structure
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1461
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banded of varities (2) of chalcedony that show straight parallel strips of contrasting color
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onyx and sardonyx
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1462
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what kind of gem is oxyx
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cryptocrystalline quartz
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1463
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color range of sard
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translucent dark, reddish borwn to dark orange brown
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1464
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a type of sangenic quartz containing needle-like rutile inclusions
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Rutile Quartz
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1465
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a type of sagentic quartz containing needl like or rod like tourmaline inclusions
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Tourmalinated quartz
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1466
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how is treated black calcedony made?
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treatment of dull gray chalcedony to become glossy black; natural black chalcedony is rare; soak chalcedony slabs in sugar solution for 3 weeks; boil in sulfuric acid for 2 hours
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1467
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what stone is blue moonstone?
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Natural and Dyed Blue Chalcedony
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1468
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where/when was natural blue calcedony found
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1987 - found in Mojave desert; violet blue
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1469
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7 inclusions fancy sapphire
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silk, boehmite needles, included crystals, fingerprint, growth zoning, color zoning, color banding
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1470
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older sources for fancy sapphire
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Older sources (Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Australia, Montana) Newer sources (Africa, Vietnam); Sri Lanka is most important source for wide color range and 90% of supply |
1471
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6 mining countries for fancy sapphire and their color ranges
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Mogok (pink), Myanmar (finest, but low quantity), Vietnam (all shades of red) Thailand (yellow green and star, black) Australian (yellow green black) Montana (light yellow orange, pink and green)
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1472
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5 synthetic processes for fancy sapphire
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flame fusion most common; also flux (Chantham), pulling (Inamori, Russia), floating zone, hydrothermal (Russia) |
1473
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color element for padparasha
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traces of iron and chromium and sometimes color centers |
1474
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finest quality padparasha
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intensely saturated and range from light to medium pinkish orange to orange pink
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1475
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primary mining padparasha
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sri lanka
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1476
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color element pink sapphire
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chromium; sometimes trace titanium
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1477
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3 trade names for purple sapphure
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amethystine sapphires, plum sapphires, rose sapphire
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1478
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color element for purple sapphure
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iron, titanium, and chromium
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1479
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color element for yellow orange sapphire
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iron, possibly chromium, or color centers
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1480
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two treatments for yellow orange sapphire
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irradiation, but not sable color; heat treatment (brighten hues and increase saturation)
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1481
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color element for green sapphire
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two factors - yellow by iron; blue by an iron and titanium intervalence charge transfer
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1482
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what is a leuco sapphire?
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Colorless Sapphire
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1483
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color range black sapphire
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black or very dark blue that appears black in normal lighting |
1484
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what colors color change corundum
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vanadium
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1485
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most common treatment star sapphire
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lattice diffusion can create corundum asterism; pack in iron and titanium oxide and heat, shows shallow layer or rutile; star is shallow and can be removed with polishing
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1486
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what makes the rays in black star sapphure
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hematite inclusions
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1487
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what makes the body color in black star sapphure
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variety of colors; black inclusions make it black |
1488
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