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102 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Some types of volcanic rock can transport existing… |
gems from deep in the crust to the earth’s surface
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14
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A color’s strength or intensity.
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Saturation
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28
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When you can’t control the lighting conditions in a buying situation, … |
use your own comparison stones or color samples
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42
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red beryl, yO to oR spessartite garnet, kunzite (spodumene), morganite beryl, malaya garnet, rhodonite. Blue apatite |
gems colored by manganese
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56
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A layer between the earth’s crust and its core.
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Mantle
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70
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A mineral deposit that occupies an existing fissure or fracture in the rock.
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Vein
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84
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A jadeite boulder’s ... can hide its inner nature from buyers.
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rough surface
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98
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The selection of colors in which a gemstone occurs.
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Color range
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112
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Milky, grayish, or brownish corundum that can be treated to a fine blue color. |
Geuda
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126
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An aggregate made up of individual crystals detectable only under very high magnification.
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Cryptocrystalline
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140
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Damage caused by sudden, extreme temperature changes.
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Thermal shock
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154
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Cultured pearl with any unsightly portion cut or ground off.
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Three-quarter-cut
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168
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A gem material’s host rock, which sometimes becomes part of the finished gem.
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Matrix
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182
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It’s always important to ... cultured pearl treatments.
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disclose
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196
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Giving approximate shape to a gemstone, or producing flat planes for polishing facets.
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Grinding
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210
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Transparent rough is usually ...
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faceted
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224
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(2) cause the wide variety of colors in topaz.
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Color centers and traces of chromium
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238
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Traces of ... cause red beryl’s color. |
manganese
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252
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Turquoise that contains matrix in thin, web-like patterns.
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Spiderweb turquoise
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266
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Tiny, parallel grooves on a facet surface left by the polishing operation.
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Polish lines
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280
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Opals are often divided into types based on ...
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background color
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294
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Substitution of one chemical element for another in the crystal structure of a mineral.
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Isomorphous replacement
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308
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shape with two pyramids back to back; seen in sapphires
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bipyramid
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322
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Mohs of pearl, rhodochrosite, malachite, coral, amber, and ivory
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2 to 4 5
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336
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The coarsest texture category of jadeite.
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New mine
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350
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Many rough gemstones have ... that can help identify them. |
recognizable crystal shapes
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364
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A long, thin inclusion that can be a solid crystal or a hollow tube that might be filled with liquid or gas.
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Needle
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378
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Varied color distribution within amethyst rough yields fashioned gems in a wide variety of (2)
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tones and saturations
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392
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How many years has lapis been worn?
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6500 years
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406
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What is nili lapis?
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the highest quality lapis, with best indigo color
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420
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What is the most popular fluorite?
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Blue John Fluorite
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434
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A small square of mantle tissue cut from a donor mollusk and implanted in a host mollusk with or without a bead.
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Mantle-tissue piece
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448
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Gem - trade term "banded marble" |
calcite onyx marble
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462
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What rock is the best ruby found?
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marble
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476
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What rubies have a dark core surrounded by red rim
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Mong Hsu
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490
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Two mines in Madagascar
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Vatomandry and Andilamena
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504
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Finest quality - blue sapphire
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velvety blue to violetish blue; med to med dk; strong to vivid saturation
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518
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Describe a Ceylon blue sapphire
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Ceylon - slightly grayish and lighter tones; greater brilliance than darker tones
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532
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What is thulite?
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Thulite - Translucent to opaque pink zoisite, often streaked with mottled with gray or white
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546
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A clear, viscous substance that’s used to fill fractures in gemstones.
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Resin
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560
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Color change element - alexandrite
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chromium
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574
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Many gems leave their source countries through ...
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unofficial channels
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588
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color range andalusite
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brownish or yellowish green ot orangy brown; pure green, brown, pink or violet; viridine - green variety
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602
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special cutting considerations for topaz
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long oval or pear to improve yield because rough is elongated; orientated 15 degrees to avoid cleavage; set in protective mounting
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616
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Where and when did Imperial topaz originate? |
originated in 19th centure russia "Imperial Topaz"
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630
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gem - trade name "sun gift"
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helidor
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644
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A family of gems from several closely related mineral species.
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Group
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658
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treatment (1) red beryl |
fracture filled; NOT heat treated
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672
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3 imitations aquamarine
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blue topaz, pale blue glass, synthetic blue spinel colored by cobalt, easy to distinguish
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686
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How is common opal formed differently?
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The difference is in the way water evaporates during formation; if steady, it is precious opal, if evaporation is uneven, common opals
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700
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What is boulder opal?
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Boulder opals - host-rock fragments; or matrix, as part of finished gem; shows play of color; sandstone or ironstone (Boulder black - ironstone) (Boulder white - sandstone matrix)
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714
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What kind of feldspar is orthoclase sunstone?
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potassium feldspar
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728
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Most consumers accept ... if they’re ethically disclosed and explained in a positive way.
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gem treatments
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742
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What kind of stone is sunstone?
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feldspar
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756
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Purple sapphires are often heat-treated to achieve a morevaluable (2) hues
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pink or red hue
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770
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Best known spodumene variety?
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Kunzite
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784
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which two diopsides are not in jewelry?
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voiolane malocolite
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798
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Hues with …(2) usually don’t reach the same high levels of saturation as those with medium tone.
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very light or very dark tone
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812
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Primary mining for tourmaline (1)
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Minas Gerias, Brazil - world's largest producer of gem tourmaline
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826
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Who discovered paraiba tourmaline? When?
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discovered in 1989; introduced by Heitor Dimas Barbosa
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840
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What was the gem that was mined in Cali for the Chinese in 1898 to 1912? |
red and pink tourmaline
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854
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treatment of cat's eye tourmaline? |
Acid to remove dark staining in tubes; filled with lighter material; sealed with expoxy resin
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868
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What are the three calcium garnets?
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Calcium garnets (uvarovite - chromium; andradite - iron; grossularite - aluminum)
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882
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finest color pyrope
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intense pure red
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896
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A gem colored by trace elements in its crystal structure.
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Allochromatic
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910
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A broad flash of color in labradorite feldspar that disappears when the gem is moved.
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Labradorescence
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924
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What kind of garnet is spessartite?
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aluminum garnet (manganese)
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938
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what kind of garnet is andradite?
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calcium garnet (iron)
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952
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Amber is probably best known for its ... and other inclusions.
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preserved insects
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966
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where was demantoid discovered
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Russia's Ural Mountains
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980
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mining (3) malaya garnet
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Tanzania, Kenya, Sri Lanka
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994
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A process in which nutrients dissolve in a water solution at high temperature and pressure, then cool to form synthetic crystals. |
Hydrothermal growth
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1008
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mining (2) color change garnet
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African and Sri Lanks
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1022
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what is old mine, relatively old mine, new mine texture for jadeite?
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old mine - the finest texture category, relatively old mine - medium texture - new mine - coarsest texture of jadeite
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1036
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color range of calcareous coral
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white, cream, pink, shades of red and orange, blue, purple, grayish lavendar
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1050
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what is the principle chemical component in shells
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calcium carbonate
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1064
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Small inclusions give ... a reddish or golden sheen, while larger inclusions create glittering reflections. |
sunstone
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1078
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state gem of california?
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rare and desirable; state gem of california
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1092
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(3) have all been used as lapis imitations.
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Glass, plastic, and ceramic materials
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1106
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color range of kyanite
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blue, resembles sapphire; dark blue to green; can be other colors
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1120
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When were emeralds discovered? |
3500 BC
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1134
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which 2 countries purchase 75% of emeralds
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US and Japan
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1148
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when did Mikimoto market whole pearls?
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1920
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1162
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What are the grades for GIA matching in pearls?
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GIA Matching - Excellent, Good Fair
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1176
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Spessartite is the most valuable ... and large, finequality stones sell at a premium.
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orange garnet,
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1190
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How are CZs synthetized?
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skull method
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1204
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In mining terms, theft of a mine’s production by its workers.
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High grading
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1218
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Most gem color is caused by ... which is influenced by chemical composition and crystal structure.
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selective absorption,
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1232
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The process used to produce a synthetic gem can determine its ...
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value
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1246
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... is not always stable, and exposure to heat or light can destroy it.
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Irradiated color
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1260
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The ... imports more rubies than any other country.
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US
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1274
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Heat-treated (2) make up a significant portion of the commercial-quality blue sapphire market.
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geuda and dhun
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1288
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... cutting can greatly reduce a finished emerald’s value. |
Poor
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1302
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... success in the marketplace was due in part to enthusiastic promotion.
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Tanzanite’s
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1316
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A large deposit of alexandrite discovered in ... in the early 1980s briefly increased alexandrite’s availability.
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Brazil
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1330
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(2) are the two most important tourmaline treatments.
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Heating and irradiation
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1344
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3 sources akoya
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Japan, China, Vietnam
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1358
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what oyster produces tahitian pearls?
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Pintada margaritifera; black lipped oyster
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1372
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color element amethyst
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color results from color centers caused by natural irradiation acting on trace elements of iron in crystal structure
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1386
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gem with the trade name of "cairgorm"
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smoky quartz
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1400
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Does a high RI require a deep or shallower pavilion cut?
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more shallow
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1414
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color range hawk's eye
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grayish blue |
1428
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