Colored Stones 220 Set 3

Front 1

A mixture of clear varnish and fish scales used in making imitation pearls.

Back 1

Essence d’orient

Hint 1

3

Front 2

Mining economics are affected by…what 7 factors?

Back 2

demand, political climate, labor costs, environment, accessibility, type of deposit, and mining methods

Hint 2

17

Front 3

Visible face-up color zoning that the cutter was unable to conceal.

Back 3

Unintended color zoning

Hint 3

31

Front 4

In general, attractive colored stones tend to have …

Back 4

highly saturated hues and medium to medium-dark tone

Hint 4

45

Front 5

Localized changes caused by an igneous intrusion that takes place where the magma meets the surrounding rock. New minerals may form due to temperature changes or introduction of fluids from the magma.

Back 5

Contact metamorphism

Hint 5

59

Front 6

An igneous rock formed from cooling, once-molten granite that follows fractures in its surrounding rock. It may contain very large crystals, and its shape is often thin and contorted.

Back 6

Pegmatite

Hint 6

73

Front 7

Combo of silicon and oxygen

Back 7

silica

Hint 7

87

Front 8

Nephrite’s greens don’t reach the ... of jadeite’s greens.

Back 8

saturation or attractiveness

Hint 8

101

Front 9

The color or colors in a gemstone’s color range considered by the trade to be the most desirable.

Back 9

Fine color

Hint 9

115

Front 10

3 factors... all contributed to the decline of the natural pearl industry.

Back 10

Pearl culturing, plastic buttons, and oil drilling

Hint 10

129

Front 11

Any break in a gem other than cleavage or parting.

Back 11

Fracture

Hint 11

143

Front 12

Atoms in a gem that aren’t part of its essential chemical composition.

Back 12

Trace elements

Hint 12

157

Front 13

Most colored stones are sold by ...

Back 13

weight

Hint 13

171

Front 14

The ... provides a common language for evaluating pearls.

Back 14

GIA Pearl Description System

Hint 14

185

Front 15

Cutting style with triangular or kite-shaped facets that radiate from the center toward the girdle.

Back 15

Brilliant cut

Hint 15

199

Front 16

A cutting style that combines brilliant-cut and step-cut facets.

Back 16

Mixed cut

Hint 16

213

Front 17

The market demands ... cutting and proportions in gems cut from relatively available, moderately priced rough.

Back 17

precise

Hint 17

227

Front 18

The definitions of ... topaz can vary widely.

Back 18

imperial

Hint 18

241

Front 19

A selection of goods loaned to a dealer by another wholesaler or a gem cutter.

Back 19

Consignment

Hint 19

255

Front 20

Characteristic or irregularity confined to the surface of a polished gemstone.

Back 20

Blemish

Hint 20

269

Front 21

Group of fine needle-like inclusions.

Back 21

Silk

Hint 21

283

Front 22

In general, patterns of large, closely arranged ... are preferred in opal.

Back 22

color patches

Hint 22

297

Front 23

apatite, beryl

Back 23

hexagonal (2)

Hint 23

311

Front 24

toughness of quartz and spinel

Back 24

good toughness

Hint 24

325

Front 25

14 gems colored by iron

Back 25

Peridot, yellow sapphire, golden beryl, chrysoberyl, aquamarine, red garnets, almandite, yellow to orange grossularite, emeralds (bluish/darker), iolite, orthoclase feldspar, brown to orange chalcedony, nephrite jade, indicolite

Hint 25

339

Front 26

Weathered, thin-skinned jadeite boulders.

Back 26

River jade

Hint 26

353

Front 27

The different ways a gem breaks are called (3)

Back 27

cleavage, parting, and fracture

Hint 27

367

Front 28

Tiny, parallel grooves on a facet surface left by the polishing operation.

Back 28

Polish lines

Hint 28

381

Front 29

... is the major source of the finest-quality amethyst.

Back 29

Africa

Hint 29

395

Front 30

What three minerals are in lapis?

Back 30

pyrite, calcite, lazurite

Hint 30

409

Front 31

What stone forms in dry, barren regions with acidic copper rich groundwater seeps downward>

Back 31

turquoise

Hint 31

423

Front 32

A crystallized form of calcium carbonate found in nacre.

Back 32

Aragonite

Hint 32

437

Front 33

A pearl that forms without human assistance.

Back 33

Natural pearl

Hint 33

451

Front 34

color range - rhodochrosite

Back 34

subtle pink to cherry red; can have soft edges of white, gray, brown and yellow

Hint 34

465

Front 35

color element - ruby

Back 35

Chromium trace element

Hint 35

479

Front 36

Describe thai rubies.

Back 36

darker, lack rutile silk

Hint 36

493

Front 37

8 imitations for ruby

Back 37

Glass, natural spinel, red garnet, synthetic CZ, dyed natural corundum, quench crackled quartz, doublet (natural & synthetic)

Hint 37

507

Front 38

Mining location for blue sapphire (6)

Back 38

Myanmar - some of the best; Sri Lanka - mid to high end; Commercial - Thailand, Cambodia, Australia, Madagascar

Hint 38

521

Front 39

Describe a Thai blue sapphire

Back 39

Thai - can get greenish; darker and inky

Hint 39

535

Front 40

Filling of pores or other openings with melted wax, resin, polymer, or plastic to improve appearance and stability.

Back 40

Colorless impregnation

Hint 40

549

Front 41

Altering a gem’s appearance by applying backings, coatings, or coloring agents like paint.

Back 41

Surface modification

Hint 41

563

Front 42

Alexandrite imitations (6)

Back 42

natural corundum, granet, spinal; never as good as color as alexandrite synthetic corundum, synthetic spinal, assembled quartz

Hint 42

577

Front 43

Commercial-quality stones are generally calibrated, and judged more by the ... than by their individual quality factors.

Back 43

price per stone

Hint 43

591

Front 44

Source of best andalusite?

Back 44

Brazil - best hues; dark green body color and a rare rose-red bodycolor

Hint 44

605

Front 45

How does colorless become blue topaz?

Back 45

irradiation and heating

Hint 45

619

Front 46

Gem - trade name "precious topaz"

Back 46

sherry topaz

Hint 46

633

Front 47

color range helidor

Back 47

rich shades of yellow and gold

Hint 47

647

Front 48

Gems produced by natural processes, without human help.

Back 48

Natural gems

Hint 48

661

Front 49

gem trade name "water of the sea"

Back 49

aquamarine

Hint 49

675

Front 50

Why is green beryl not emerald?

Back 50

lacks color saturation

Hint 50

689

Front 51

Primary mining opal

Back 51

Australia - 90%; New South Wales - Lightening Ridge (Black Opal)

Hint 51

703

Front 52

blank

Back 52

blank

Hint 52

717

Front 53

What kind of feldspar is labradorite?

Back 53

calcium/sodium feldspar

Hint 53

731

Front 54

What two feldspar species combine to be moonstone?

Back 54

combo of two feldspar species - albite & orthoclase (create layers during cooling)

Hint 54

745

Front 55

Inclusions in sunstones

Back 55

small inclusions give sunstone a reddish or golden sheen while larger inclusions create glittering reflections

Hint 55

759

Front 56

Colorless sapphire has been marketed as an inexpensive naturalsubstitute for ...

Back 56

diamond

Hint 56

773

Front 57

treatments for kunzite

Back 57

rosy color from colorless or light-colored spodumene from irradiation; can still fade

Hint 57

787

Front 58

Large stones with ... color are more common in some colored stone species than in others.

Back 58

fine

Hint 58

801

Front 59

Most defects in colored stone proportions are compromises made by the cutter to produce ... viable gems.

Back 59

economically

Hint 59

815

Front 60

Describe liddicoatite tourmaline.

Back 60

liddicoatite - rich in calcium, lithium, aluminum; pegmatites; diverse colors in complex zoned patterns

Hint 60

829

Front 61

color element - paraiba?

Back 61

copper

Hint 61

843

Front 62

finest quality - red and pink tourmaline?

Back 62

finest, most saturated purplish red or red tourmaline, then pink

Hint 62

857

Front 63

color element - peridot

Back 63

iron, part of gem's composition

Hint 63

871

Front 64

color element red spinel

Back 64

chromium

Hint 64

885

Front 65

most important green garnet?

Back 65

tsavorite

Hint 65

899

Front 66

A process where the electrons that selectively absorb light are passed back and forth between neighboring impurity ions.

Back 66

Charge transfer

Hint 66

913

Front 67

Iridescence seen in some natural and cultured pearls and mother-of-pearl.

Back 67

Orient

Hint 67

927

Front 68

color range for spessartite

Back 68

pale yellowish orange through brigh torange to dark brownish red; lighter tone than almandite

Hint 68

941

Front 69

what kind of garnet is uvarovite?

Back 69

calcium garnet (uvarovite)

Hint 69

955

Front 70

The most valuable red coral is an intense red that dealers call ...

Back 70

oxblood

Hint 70

969

Front 71

color range demantoid

Back 71

yellowish or brownish green hue to a rare intense emerald green; always some yellow

Hint 71

983

Front 72

what kind of gem is tapazolite?

Back 72

garnet

Hint 72

997

Front 73

A process in which the synthetic crystal grows from a seed that is dipped into a chemical melt, then pulled away as it gathers material.

Back 73

Pulling

Hint 73

1011

Front 74

color element in lavendar jadeite

Back 74

iron and oxygen

Hint 74

1025

Front 75

mining (6) nephrite

Back 75

New Zealand (green stone); BC Canada (polar jade); China, Russia, Taiwan, US

Hint 75

1039

Front 76

Other sources for current calcareous coral

Back 76

Naples' craftsmen work with Japanese, Malaysian, and Filipino coral

Hint 76

1053

Front 77

what is ammonite?

Back 77

fossilized remains of hard-shelled, squid like marine mollusks that lived between 65 and 395 mill years ago; resemble chambered nautilus

Hint 77

1067

Front 78

Light-colored or colorless spodumene is … and …(2) to produce kunzite’s rosy color, but the color— treated or natural—can fade under heat or bright light.

Back 78

irradiated and then carefully heated

Hint 78

1081

Front 79

shape of fluorite crystals

Back 79

cube

Hint 79

1095

Front 80

An ... is turquoise’s most-prized color.

Back 80

intense, uniform, medium blue

Hint 80

1109

Front 81

describe moldovite

Back 81

irregularly and sometimes intricately shaped glassy nodules and blobs containing gas bubbles

Hint 81

1123

Front 82

two types of emerald host rocks

Back 82

metamorphic or sedementary rock; most mined in regions with metamorphic rocks where pegmatites intersect with schists (Brazil and Zambia); Columbia - sedimentary rock environments in hydrothermal veins; fault lines from Andes sedimentary layers formed fault lines; lines provided pathways for hot, mineral rich fluids to rise and grow

Hint 82

1137

Front 83

blank

Back 83

blank

Hint 83

1151

Front 84

5 treatements pearls

Back 84

bleached, tinted, dyed, irradiated, coated

Hint 84

1165

Front 85

... belong to a group of minerals with the same crystal structure but slightly different chemical composition.

Back 85

Garnets

Hint 85

1179

Front 86

... most valuable red garnet—has a dark purplish red to light reddish purple hue.

Back 86

Rhodolite—the

Hint 86

1193

Front 87

Gemstone sizes cut to fit standard mountings.

Back 87

Calibrated sizes

Hint 87

1207

Front 88

A mixture of gem qualities that represents unsorted production from a particular mine.

Back 88

Mine lot (mine run)

Hint 88

1221

Front 89

... causes the most desirable red and green gem colors.

Back 89

Chromium

Hint 89

1235

Front 90

... processes can synthesize gems that closely resemble natural gems.

Back 90

Solution

Hint 90

1249

Front 91

Jadeite is often treated with a combination of …(2)

Back 91

bleaching and impregnation

Hint 91

1263

Front 92

... is the most important historical ruby source.

Back 92

Mogok, Myanmar,

Hint 92

1277

Front 93

Blue sapphires from ... are preferred in some markets, including Japan.

Back 93

Sri Lanka

Hint 93

1291

Front 94

Emerald’s fractures are often filled with (2) or a mixture of both.

Back 94

oil or resin

Hint 94

1305

Front 95

Tanzanite is almost always ... to bring out its more attractive blue and violet hues.

Back 95

heat-treated

Hint 95

1319

Front 96

Cat’s-eye chrysoberyl’s chatoyancy is caused by light reflecting from ... within the gemstone.

Back 96

fine needle-like inclusions

Hint 96

1333

Front 97

... supplies the world with rough for much of its commercial calibrated peridot.

Back 97

Arizona

Hint 97

1347

Front 98

where were first freshwater pearls

Back 98

Lake Biwa Japan

Hint 98

1361

Front 99

what year did french poly govt issue nacre thickness standards

Back 99

2001

Hint 99

1375

Front 100

primary mining amethyst

Back 100

Brazil and Africa

Hint 100

1389

Front 101

finest quality smoky quartz

Back 101

deep reddish brown like chrry wood; orange red pleochroic flashes

Hint 101

1403

Front 102

primary mining rose quartz

Back 102

brazil

Hint 102

1417

Front 103

what kind of quartz crystalite is chalcedony?

Back 103

cryptocrystalline quartz

Hint 103

1431