Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
A procedure that includes cleaning, buffing, and sometimes bleaching, done to make cultured pearls presentable and appealing. |
Process |
6
|
|
|
Secondary deposits are... than primary ones and might contain greater concentrations of gems.
|
easier to work
|
20
|
|
|
You should judge a gemstone’s ... only by comparing it with others of its own species or variety. |
beauty and value |
34
|
|
|
Some stones reach ... only in large sizes, others only in small sizes.
|
fine color
|
48
|
|
|
A deposit where gems are eroded from the source rock but remain in place close to the source.
|
Eluvial deposit
|
62
|
|
|
Study of the formation, structure, and movement of the plates of the earth’s crust.
|
Plate tectonics
|
76
|
|
|
Jadeite’s three most important qualities are …
|
color, transparency, and texture
|
90
|
|
|
Trade term for a vibrant green tourmaline that’s colored by traces of vanadium, chromium, or both.
|
Chrome tourmaline
|
104
|
|
|
Light that exits through a gem’s crown in a controlled way due to the correct proportions of its cut.
|
Planned light leakage
|
118
|
|
|
Most freshwater cultured whole pearls are grown from ... in a host mollusk’s mantle.
|
mantle-tissue pieces implanted
|
132
|
|
|
blank |
blank |
146
|
|
|
A hollow cavity in a gem, usually filled with a liquid and a gas. |
Two-phase inclusion
|
160
|
|
|
The sizes of calibrated gems in a parcel should be within ... of each other. |
0 10 mm
|
174
|
|
|
... is the rarest and most valuable cultured pearl shape. |
Round
|
188
|
|
|
Removing heavily included sections from gemstone rough by carefully tapping it with a small hammer. |
Cobbing
|
202
|
|
|
Rough ground to the approximate shape of the finished stone; also, the act of producing this shape.
|
Preform
|
216
|
|
|
Expert cutting maximizes a gem’s ____ and ____. |
brilliance and color
|
230
|
|
|
Topaz treatments commonly involve (2) |
heating or a combination of heating and irradiation
|
244
|
|
|
The international unit of measurement for gem weight (1 carat equals 0.20 gram). |
Metric carat
|
258
|
|
|
Any hazy or milky area that cannot be described as a feather, fingerprint, or group of included crystals or needles.
|
Cloud
|
272
|
|
|
... commands the highest prices of all opal types.
|
Black opal
|
286
|
|
|
Cutters typically fashion commercial-quality white opal and assembled opal into …
|
standard calibrated sizes
|
300
|
|
|
kunzite (spodumene), moonstone (orthoclase feldspar) |
monoclinic (2)
|
314
|
|
|
Mohs of diamond
|
10
|
328
|
|
|
4 gems colored by cobalt
|
blue synthetic spinel, some synthetic sapphire, manmade glass, natural blue spinel
|
342
|
|
|
Natural jadeite that’s bleached in acid to remove undesirable staining, then impregnated with wax or polymers.
|
Type B jadeite
|
356
|
|
|
Characteristic or irregularity confined to the surface of a polished gemstone. |
Blemish
|
370
|
|
|
Group of fine needle-like inclusions.
|
Silk
|
384
|
|
|
The finest citrine color is a saturated … |
yellow to reddish orange, free of brownish tints
|
398
|
|
|
Treatment (1) - lapis |
Dyeing; removed with acetone
|
412
|
|
|
Color element - turquoise
|
copper
|
426
|
|
|
A cultured pearl grown around a nucleus glued under the mantle tissue inside a mollusk’s shell. |
Cultured blister pearl
|
440
|
|
|
A company that prepares cultured pearls for the market.
|
Processor
|
454
|
|
|
gem - trade term "black diamond"
|
hematite
|
468
|
|
|
Ruby inclusions (4)
|
some expeced; silk, needles, fingerprint inclusions, growth zoning; rutile silk can add value
|
482
|
|
|
Describe Sri Lankan rubies
|
light in tone
|
496
|
|
|
What is a Burmese ruby? |
Burmese - Mogok; finest region; medium tone; red to slightly purplish hue, vivid saturation; glowing red fluorsecence; minute inclusions give softness
|
510
|
|
|
When did Kashmir produce blue sapphires?
|
1881 to 1887
|
524
|
|
|
Where and when were tanzanites found?
|
fairly new arrival; 1967; found in Merelani, Northern Tanzania, volitle history; named by Tiffany
|
538
|
|
|
A chemical that treaters mix with some resins to cause them to solidify.
|
Hardener
|
552
|
|
|
What is another word for iolite?
|
cordierite
|
566
|
|
|
Finest cat's eye chrysoberyl come from where?
|
Sri Lanka
|
580
|
|
|
A parcel typically contains a ... and the best stones often sell for a lot more than the remainder of the parcel.
|
range of qualities,
|
594
|
|
|
Describe the color of chiastolite?
|
carbon imprint of dark cross across a white, gray, greenish, reddish or light brown background
|
608
|
|
|
What color topaz does Ghudo Hill in Katlang Pakistan produce?
|
pink to red
|
622
|
|
|
What kind of gem is morganite?
|
beryl
|
636
|
|
|
color of maxixe
|
dark sapphire-blue beryl
|
650
|
|
|
A mineral that contains the elements silicon and oxygen.
|
Silicate
|
664
|
|
|
color range - aquamarine
|
narrow; B, vsgB, gB, vsgB, BG/GB; rarely matches sapphire's blue
|
678
|
|
|
Gem - trade name "precious stone"
|
"Opalus" Opal
|
692
|
|
|
What opal is more popular in USA?
|
white
|
706
|
|
|
What is semi-black opal?
|
Grayish background, trasnlucent to opaque The best examples should appear semitrasnlucent when held up to light
|
720
|
|
|
What is a type of calcium/sodium feldspar and three gems |
Calcium/sodium feldspare - plagioclase (labradorite, andesine, oligoclase)
|
734
|
|
|
What are centipedes?
|
centipedes - tiny tension crack in moonstone that interfere with adularscence and reduce value; hidden in faceted
|
748
|
|
|
Two imitations for sunstones
|
goldstone; glass with copper crystals
|
762
|
|
|
The finest stars are (3)
|
distinct, centered, and uniform
|
776
|
|
|
three imitations of kunzite
|
Glass, synthetic sapphire, synthetic spinel
|
790
|
|
|
The way a gem is cut can have a dramatic effect on its …
|
face-up color
|
804
|
|
|
When were tourmaline's discovered?
|
1500
|
818
|
|
|
Describe uvite torumaline.
|
uvite - formed in limestone that has been altered by heat and pressure
|
832
|
|
|
What is verdelite?
|
green tourmaline
|
846
|
|
|
A crystal growth habit with a bumpy appearance similar to a bunch of grapes.
|
Botryoidal
|
860
|
|
|
how many gems in garnet species? |
more than 20
|
874
|
|
|
color element blue spinel
|
cobalt and iron
|
888
|
|
|
color element of tsavorite
|
vanadium
|
902
|
|
|
A distinct change in gem color under different types of lighting.
|
Color change
|
916
|
|
|
When a gem shows different bodycolors from different crystal directions.
|
Pleochroism
|
930
|
|
|
What kind of garnet is almandite
|
aluminum garnet (iron); often combined with pyrope
|
944
|
|
|
what kind of gem is rhodolite?
|
pyrope and almandite garnet combo
|
958
|
|
|
Jet was popular as ... in the late Victorian era.
|
mourning jewelry
|
972
|
|
|
inclusion demantoid |
horsetails - fine silk strands that radiate from small central inclusions; not in any other green stone; cut to display them; not in Namibian; makes more valuable
|
986
|
|
|
Two or more separate pieces of material joined to form a unit. |
Assembled stone
|
1000
|
|
|
A growth method in which the synthetic crystal grows from a dissolved chemical mixture, sometimes at high temperature and pressure.
|
Solution process
|
1014
|
|
|
rank colors of jadeite |
first imperial, then other shades of green (yellowish greens, grayish greens, blackish greens); darker tones more valuable than lighter tones; lavendar is 2nd most prized color
|
1028
|
|
|
finest quality - amber
|
transparent red more valuable than golden; golden more valuable than yellow; fluoresence increases value
|
1042
|
|
|
color cause from conchiolin coral
|
color is from impurities in seawaters
|
1056
|
|
|
... are soft gems with cleavage in two directions, so they require protective settings.
|
Feldspar, spodumene, and diopside
|
1070
|
|
|
3 imitations for tortoise shell
|
celluloid, caisin, bakelite, have repating pattern; immerse in hot water smells like wet fur
|
1084
|
|
|
treatment for fluorite
|
dark heated to make attrative blue color
|
1098
|
|
|
Turquoise is most often cut into ... but it might also be cut into beads or flat pieces for inlays.
|
cabochons,
|
1112
|
|
|
what forms obsidian
|
naturally occuring volcanic glass
|
1126
|
|
|
crystal habit of emerald
|
elongated 6 sided prism
|
1140
|
|
|
Describe3 classification of emerald treatments
|
Classification of emeral treatments: Level 1 - identifies stone as natural emerald with colorless or colored filling; Level 2 - Describes the degree of filling as minor, moderate, or significant 3 - identifies type of filler; GIA does not do level 3
|
1154
|
|
|
what is a cultured pearl
|
cultured pearl - a pearl formed as the result of human intervention in the formation process
|
1168
|
|
|
... has properties that make it an effective and lessexpensive emerald alternative.
|
Tsavorite
|
1182
|
|
|
Color-change garnets are usually ... mixtures with vanadium as a coloring agent.
|
pyrope-spessartite
|
1196
|
|
|
A unique piece designed and created for a particular customer, often around specially chosen stones.
|
Custom-made jewelry
|
1210
|
|
|
A premium price for selecting stones from a parcel.
|
Pick price
|
1224
|
|
|
... can alter or initiate some color-causing charge transfer reactions.
|
Treatment
|
1238
|
|
|
... that improve gem appearance and quality increase the supply of commercially important gems.
|
Treatments
|
1252
|
|
|
... can command the highest per-carat price of all colored stones.
|
Ruby
|
1266
|
|
|
Blue sapphire is one of the ... colored stones, especially in the US.
|
most popular
|
1280
|
|
|
... is a major center of the corundum trade, funneling a steady flow of gems from worldwide sources into the consumer market.
|
Thailand
|
1294
|
|
|
The ... account for about 75 percent of emerald purchases worldwide.
|
US and Japan
|
1308
|
|
|
When moderately priced commercial-quality ... is available, it’s more marketable than commercial-quality tanzanite.
|
blue sapphire
|
1322
|
|
|
... are a group of minerals that share the same crystal structure but have slightly different chemical and physical properties.
|
Tourmalines
|
1336
|
|
|
Virtually all ... zircons have been treated.
|
blue and colorless
|
1350
|
|
|
what mollusk produces freshwater pearls |
Hyriopsis cumingi "triangle shell"
|
1364
|
|
|
what niche do indonesian south sea pearls provide? |
(Indonesia - most diverse farming practices and results; smaller than Aust and Philippines; smaller; filled akoya void)
|
1378
|
|
|
Describe quality of Maraba amethyst
|
Para (Maraba) less saturated in color, but uniform color and good clarity and large stones;
|
1392
|
|
|
what is morion
|
Morion - very dark smoky quartz; mourning jewelry of late Victorian period
|
1406
|
|
|
what causes the phenomena in quartzite?
|
glitters with aventurescence cuased by light reflectin from small inclusions of mica or other minerals
|
1420
|
|
|
what is another name for carnelian? |
kornel cherry |
1434
|
