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102 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Most colored stones form in the earth’s… |
continental crust
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11
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The first impression of an object’s basic color.
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Hue |
25
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The cutter’s main goal is to produce a stone with …
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the highest possible value
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39
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tanzanite, tsavorite garnet (w/ some chromium), green grossularite garnet, green tourmaline crystals (w/ some chromium), chrome tourmaline, some color change garnets (w/ chromium), color change, pyrope spessartite, some emeralds,
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gems colored by vanadium
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53
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Rock formed by the crystallization of molten material.
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Igneous rock
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67
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Gems found away from their primary source.
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Secondary deposit
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81
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Jadeite has exceptional …
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toughness
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95
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Trade name for pink to red elbaite tourmaline.
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Rubellite
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109
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Light that exits through the pavilion in an uncontrolled way due to compromises in a gem’s proportions.
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Unplanned light leakage
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123
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A mass of tiny, randomly oriented crystals.
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Aggregate
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137
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A flat break in a gemstone caused by concentrated included minerals parallel to a twinning plane.
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Parting
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151
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Cultured pearl with a hole drilled halfway through to permit mounting on a post.
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Half-drilled
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165
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An opal’s bodycolor, independent of its play-of-color.
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Background color
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179
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Very few pearls are completely free of ...
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surface characteristics
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193
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Device that holds the dopstick at precise angles to allow correct orientation during faceting and polishing.
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Faceting head
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207
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The precision and balance of the corresponding parts of a finished gem.
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Symmetry
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221
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Most proportion and symmetry variations are visible through the ... as reduced or uneven brilliance.
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crown
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235
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... are leading producers of aquamarine.
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Brazil, Pakistan, and China
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249
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A neutrally colored paper pad on which dealers sort and show gems.
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Sorting pad
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263
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A long, thin inclusion that can be a solid crystal or a hollow tube that might be filled with liquid or gas.
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Needle
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277
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... makes it possible to make attractive finished gems from thin opal pieces.
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Assembled opal
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291
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... opal dominates the US market.
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Commercial-quality white
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305
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lacking obvious crystal vaces, like many gems that have been tumbled in rivers
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anhedral
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319
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Mohs of nephrite and jadeite
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6 to 7
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333
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Trade name for finest-quality, semitransparent jadeite with even, vivid green coloration.
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Imperial
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347
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... can result from a change during crystal growth, or from cooling or pressure after the crystal has grown.
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Twinning
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361
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A general term for a break in a stone.
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Feather
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375
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Most gem-quality quartz varieties are routinely (3) treatments
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heated, bleached, or dyed
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389
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... is one of the most valuable chalcedony varieties.
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Chrysocolla-in-chalcedony
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403
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What does Russian or Siberian lapis look like:
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Various tones and intensities of blue Contains pyrite and might contain some calcite
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417
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Color element - azurite
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copper
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431
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Describes mollusks bred in laboratory tanks and grown in protected areas rather than collected as adults in the wild.
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Hatchery-bred
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445
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Color range - sugalite
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red-purple to bluish purple
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459
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Color of sodalite?
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blue
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473
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Mogok ruby - color
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finest color, fluorescent, dense rutile silk
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487
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Tanzania ruby host rock
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marble hosted
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501
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Two types of host rock for blue sapphire
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basaltic (more iron, too dark); non-basaltic (better; Kashmir)
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515
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5 types of blue sapphire synthesis
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Flame Fusion, flux, pulling, floating zone, hydrothermal
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529
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Mining for tanzanite
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Only one place; Merelani area in Tanzania
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543
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A liquid filling material that’s very durable when it dries.
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Polymer
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557
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What gem was marketed in 1990 as a low cost alternative to tanzanite?
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iolite
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571
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color element - mint chrysoberyl
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vanadium
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585
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Color range of non-phenomenal chrysoberyl
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yellow and browns
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599
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Primarily, topaz grow in what kind of stone?
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primarily pegmatites - most form in cavities in igneous rocks like granite and pegmantite
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613
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What color topaz does Europe favor?
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light yellows
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627
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primary mining for morganite
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pegmatite mines in Minas Gerias, Brazile
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641
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Regular, repeating internal arrangement of atoms in a material.
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Crystal structure
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655
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color element red beryl
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manganese
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669
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world's largest producer of small commercial quality aquamarine
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china
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683
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Rank the dominant hues for opal. (3)
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Three value factors; color - background and play of color; pattern - arrangement of play-of-color; clarity - transparency and amount of inclusions
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697
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What is white opal?
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White opal - background color ranges from translucent white to medium gray; shows play of color; bulk of commercial opal
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711
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What kind of fledspar is microcline?
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potassium feldspar
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725
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Changes that take place in a gem’s source country can drastically affect its (2)
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availability and price
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739
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What color is non-phenomenal labradorite?
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colorless or pale yellow
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753
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Differing amounts and combinations of the trace elements (3)... cause most fancy sapphire colors.
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iron,titanium, and chromium
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767
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Type of gem - hiddenite
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spodumene
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781
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mining (1) for diopside
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eastern Siberia
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795
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... are very important when grading colored stones.
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Consistent procedures
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809
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color element in red, pink, yellow tourmaline
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manganese
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823
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Are tourmalines SR or DR? how?
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STRONG double refraction
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837
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primary mining (green and blue tourmaline)
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brazil
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851
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A tablet-cut gem with a flat or slightly domed top and sometimes a carved design, typically set in men’s rings and cufflinks.
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Signet
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865
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synthetic garnets?
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no synthetic garnet
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879
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What type of garnet is pyrope?
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aluminum garnet (magnesium)
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893
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Mining for tsavorite (3)
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East African countires (Tanzania, Kenya, Madagascar)
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907
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Interaction of two light rays traveling in the same path.
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Interference
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921
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type of gem - spessartite
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garnet
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935
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what kind of garnet is grossularite?
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calcium garnet (aluminum)
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949
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Many sources of ... are endangered and protected by environmental laws.
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organic gem materials
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963
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color range hessonite
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orangy to orangy red to brownish red; almost always has brownish hue
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977
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where and when were malaya garnets found?
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found in 1960s in Tanzania
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991
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A process in which powdered chemicals are dropped through a high-temperature flame onto a rotating pedestal to produce a synthetic crystal.
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Flame fusion
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1005
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color element - vanadium
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color change garnet
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1019
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what is the main polishing center for jadeite/
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china
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1033
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how old is copal?
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<1 million years old
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1047
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two treatments for ivory
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bleached to lighten and remove stains; dyed to give antique appearance
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1061
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Moonstone is readily available in modestly priced, calibrated sizes, but it’s ... in fine quality.
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rare and much more expensive
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1075
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what was marketed in the 1990s as an alternative to tourmaline?
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apatite
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1089
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Lapis might be dyed, impregnated with wax or plastic, or heated and then ...
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dyed
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1103
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Some ... are prized as ornamental materials because of their exotic colors and distinctive markings.
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translucent to opaque gemstones
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1117
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transparency of sphene
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transparent to translucent stone
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1131
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higher dollar value than any other colored stone
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emerald
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1145
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Describe Sandawanat emralds
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Sandawana, Zimbabwe - discovered 1956; producer since 1993; small, but richly colored stones, hi chromium, low iron, large stones too dark
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1159
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How many pearl hues in GIA pearl grading system?
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19 hues in GIA system
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1173
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Demantoid comes mostly from sources in …
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Russia and Africa
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1187
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Because... is rare and synthetic ... is common, many people have never seen the natural stone.
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spinel
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1201
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Non-standard cutting, usually applied to large, important stones for use in expensive jewelry where standard size is not a consideration.
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Free-size
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1215
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Circular marks sometimes left in amber when treaters heat and oil it.
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Sun spangles
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1229
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Light reflecting from ... causes several phenomenal effects in gems.
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inclusions
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1243
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Lattice diffusion with ... produces a shallow layer of color that can be removed with minor repolishing.
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titanium
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1257
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The finest rubies typically form in ... deposits.
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marble
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1271
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... is a common sapphire characteristic.
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Color zoning
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1285
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Slight differences in (3) can make a great difference in emerald value when other factors are equal.
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hue, tone, and saturation
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1299
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... are probably the most common emerald imitations used in jewelry.
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Synthetic spinel triplets
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1313
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Traces of ... cause alexandrite’s color change.
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chromium
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1327
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... supplies the majority of the world’s gem-quality tourmaline.
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Brazil
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1341
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range size akoya/average
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2mm to 10 mm; average 6-7 mm
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1355
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when did high quality round/near round freshwater hit market?
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1990s
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1369
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What are three categories of quartz?
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three categories of quartz: large single, microcrystalline aggregates, cryptocrystalline aggregates
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1383
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finest quality citrine
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saturated yellow to reddish orange color; free from brown tints, color zoning, or visible inclusions
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1397
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how long has quartz been used in jewelry
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thousands of years
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1411
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Which stone has a surface has pattern of lustrous yellow and brown bands that reverse color when stone is turned; billowing sheets of satin
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tiger's eye |
1425
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