Cognitive Psychology Test 2

Front 1

DEFINED: declarative/explicit memory

Back 1

long term memory knowledge that can be retrieved and reflected on consciously

Front 2

DEFINED: non-declarative/implicit memory

Back 2

knowledge that can influence thought and behavior without any conscious awareness

Front 3

declarative concerned with...

Back 3

facts and events

Front 4

non-declarative concerned with...

Back 4

skills & habits - priming - simple classical conditioning - non-associative learning

Front 5

episodic memory (explicit)

Back 5

memory or personal experience, you can consciously recall (e.g. remembering passing a test)

Front 6

semantic memory (explicit)

Back 6

general world knowledge, retrieve concept and consciously repeat (e.g. what is a drivers licence)

Front 7

priming (implicit)

Back 7

you are unconsciously 'primed' to emit a certain response (e.g. read licence lots, likely to finish LIC with ence)

Front 8

episodic memory formed by...

Back 8

sensory, motor, spatial, language, emotions, narrative + other explicit processes

Front 9

mnemonic is a...

Back 9

active, strategic learning device/method

Front 10

mnemonic works by...

Back 10

1. material rehearsed lots. 2. integrated into existing framework. 3. device enables retrieval

Front 11

method of loci =

Back 11

associating to-be-remember material with physical locations on a journey

Front 12

peg word mnemonic =

Back 12

pre-memorized set of words serve as mental 'pegs' to 'hang' to-be-remembered material on

Front 13

first mnemonic principle...

Back 13

provides a structure for learning and acquiring the info

Front 14

second mnemonic principle...

Back 14

images, rhymes or other associations + rehearsal creates a durable record of info in memory

Front 15

third mnemonic principle...

Back 15

provides an effective cue for retrieval of info

Front 16

the "relearning task" (ebbignhaus)

Back 16

list learned - list put away - list relearned to previous criterion of accuracy

Front 17

what is the 'savings score'

Back 17

number of 1st trials to learn - number of 2nd trials to learn (i.e. 10 - 6 = 4 = 40% savings)

Front 18

what is the influence of relearning

Back 18

helps retrieve info stored in memory yet is not retrievable

Front 19

what are the 3 view on episodic memory

Back 19

1. people invent meaning
2. people are active in memory
3. meaningless stimuli in experiments offer little inisght

Front 20

region of proximal learning

Back 20

studying info just beyond one's current knowledge and save difficult for later

Front 21

von Restroff effect

Back 21

improved memory for once piece of info that is distinct from those around it (i.e. fuck)

Front 22

rehearsal

Back 22

a deliberate recycling or practicing of the contents of the short-term store

Front 23

maintenance rehearsal

Back 23

low-level, repetitive info recycling - once you stop rehearsing the info goes

Front 24

elaborative rehearsal

Back 24

complex rehearsal that uses the meaning of the info to help store and remember - info remembered better

Front 25

generation effect

Back 25

info you generate yourself is better than info you just hear or read

Front 26

enactment effect

Back 26

improved memory for participant performed tasks, relative to those that are not

Front 27

organization

Back 27

the structuring or restructuring of info as its stored in memory

Front 28

visual imagery

Back 28

the mental picturing of a stimulus that affects later recall or recognition

Front 29

dual coding hypothesis

Back 29

words that denote concrete objects, not abstract words, can be encoded into memory twice (verbal + visual)

Front 30

encoding specificity

Back 30

items not encoded as individuals, but in a deeper context

Front 31

decay

Back 31

older a memory trace, more likely to forget

Front 32

consolidation

Back 32

the more permanent establishment of memories

Front 33

retro-grade amnesia

Back 33

loss of memory for events before injury

Front 34

antero-grade amnesia

Back 34

loss of memory for events after, trouble acquiring new knowledge

Front 35

episodic memory brain regions

Back 35

hippocampus + anterior prefrontal cortex

Front 36

semantic memory brain regions

Back 36

lateral temporal lobe + posterior prefrontal cortex

Front 37

spreading activation

Back 37

the mental activity of assessing and retrieving info from a network

Front 38

SOA

Back 38

length of time between the onset of the prime and the onset of the stimulus

Front 39

reconstructive memory

Back 39

we construct a memory by combining elements from original material with internal knowledge

Front 40

schema

Back 40

a stored framework about some topic