Cognitive Psychology Exam 2

Front 1

Definition of Attention

Back 1

The ability to focus on specific stimuli or locations

Front 2

Early (Filter) Selection Model

Back 2

Explains selective attention by early filtering out of the unattended message, occurs before the message is analyzed to determine its meaning

Front 3

Intermediate (Attenuator) Selection model

Back 3

Analyzes the incoming message in terms of physical characteristics, language, and meaning; attended messages pass through the attenuator at full strength, and unattended messages pass through with reduced strength

Front 4

Late Selection Model

Back 4

selection of stimuli for final processing does not occur until after the information in the message has been analyzed for meaning

Front 5

Phonological Loop

Back 5

Phonological Store: has limited capacity and holds information for only a few seconds

Articulatory Rehearsal Process: responsible for rehearsal that can keep items in the phonological store from decaying

Front 6

Visuospatial Sketchpad

Back 6

Holds visual and spatial information

Front 7

Types of Memory

(Explicit, Implicit, Episodic, Semantic)

Back 7

Explicit: involves conscious recollections of events or facts that we have learned in the past (declarative)

Implicit: occurs when an experience affects a person's behavior, even though the person is not aware that he or she had that experience (non-declarative)

Episodic: specific events that have happened to the person having the memory; these events are usually remembered as a personal experience that occurred at a particular time and place

Semantic: knowledge about the world that is not tied to any specific personal experience

Front 8

Saccade Eye Movement

Back 8

Eye movements from one fixation point to another

Front 9

Controlled and Autonomic Processes

Back 9

Controlled: involves close attention

Autonomic: occurs automatically, without the person intending to do it, and that also uses few cognitive resources

Front 10

Inattentional Blindness

Back 10

A stimulus is not perceived, even though a person is looking directly at it

Front 11

Proactive Interference

Back 11

The items already in memory interfere with new information

Front 12

Double Dissociation

Back 12

A situation in which a single dissociation can be demonstrated in one person, and the opposite type of a single dissociation can be demonstrated in another person

Front 13

Retrograde Amnesia

Back 13

Unable to remember anything before trauma

Front 14

Anterograde Amnesia

Back 14

Unable to remember anything after trauma

Front 15

Word Fragment Completion Task

Back 15

Don't remember seeing a word, but your performance suggests otherwise

Front 16

Attentional Blink Experiment

Back 16

On each trial of the experiment, a sequence of 19 letter are presented for only 100 milliseconds. The task is to judge whether the letters J or K were in the sequence.

Front 17

Stroop Effect Experiment

Back 17

On each trial, you are shown a word (RED, GREEN, or BLUE) that is printed in either red, green, or blue font color. The task is to classify, as quickly as possible, the font color, regardless of the word name.

Front 18

Change Detection Experiment

Back 18

On each trial, two pictures are presented in alternation. On half the trials, the two pictures are identical. On the other half of the trials, the two pictures differed in some way. For each kind of pair, either the pictures appear immediately after one another, or a blank gray box appears in between the pictures. The task is to report whether the pictures are identical or differed.

Front 19

Modality Effect Experiment

Back 19

On each trial, you either see or hear the digits 1-9 presented in random order and are asked to recall the numbers in the same order as they are presented.