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95 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is relational immediacy?
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Communication that pertains to the client, the client's internal experience and the therapist in relation to the here and now.
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What does relational immediacy evidence?
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Insight
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What are the two levels of communication?
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Referential and relational
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What are the five components to relational immediacy?
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1. Self
2. Experiencing 3. Therapist 4. Therapy Room 5. Present Session |
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What sentence relates to relational immediacy?
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I am experiencing something about you here and now.
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What are the three types of reference?
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Clear
Allusive No reference |
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What are the three types of allusive reference?
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Over inclusion
Underinclusion Negation |
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What are the two types of no reference?
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Substitution and Omission
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What are the four steps to measure RI utterances?
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1. identifying segments
2. unitize the segments 3. coding the units 4. comparing mean RI scores with earlier ones |
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What is one of the assumptions of psychological pain and symptoms?
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They can be brought under control as the client gains insight about himself.
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What does the insight that the client gains need to be about?
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1. meaning of the symptoms
2. unconscious emotions 3. unconscious relationships patterns (like CCRT) 4. unconscious defenses |
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What are the six kinds of unconscious defenses?
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repression
projection displacement reaction formation regression rationalization |
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How are the most powerful insights achieved?
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Through transference
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What are the three things that will probably change over the course of therapy?
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symptoms decrease
conflicts resolved openness increases |
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How is change achieved in therapy?
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increased cognitive understanding of the self
new emotional experiences experience of helping relationship |
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What are the four myths about ethical conflicts?
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1. they will not happen to me
2. APA's principles are etched in stone 3. ethical code is always good 4. ethical conflicts are like land mines |
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What are the four constraints that impact psychologists?
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ethical guidelines of APA
legal considerations business or institutional considerations clinical considerations |
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What are the four steps you should take in ethical dilemmas?
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1. review guidelines
2. discuss conflict with a peer 3. discuss conflict with liscensing board 4. discuss situation with client |
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What can anger, sex and depedency lead to?
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either intense satisfaction or intensely unpleasant emotion
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According to Freud, when are we "cured"?
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When the needs are no longer experienced as conflictual.
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What is the problem with Freudian theory?
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We think that it is full of inconsistencies and untestable propositions.
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How did Freud treat his data?
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As scientifically as he could by looking for patterns and sequences.
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How does Freud think we deal with urges as adults?
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Depending on the outcomes when we were children.
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What is the contemporary notion of penis envy?
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Equating males with privelidged status.
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What are the two reasons to make money?
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To save for retirement and support yourself.
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What percentage of growth should we expect to experience in our finances?
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5%
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When are the most productive 25 years of your life?
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40-65
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When do people tend to start saving for retirement, get married, buy a house?
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30-40 years old
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What two factors will make retirement years enjoyable?
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adequate finances and good health
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What does it mean be working through?
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Experiencing a difficult situation multiple times in various contexts.
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What will allow children to inhibit their impulses?
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Setting limits
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What is relationally distant discourse?
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When a client is vague in their expressions of feelings
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What is regression?
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Dealing with an emotion like people at an earlier developmental stage would do/
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What is reaction formation?
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Taking an unacceptable emotional and turning it into its opposite
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What is rationalization?
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Explaining rather than experiencing your emotions by coming up with explanations for why you feel that way
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What are the most powerful insights in therapy?
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Those that are experienced within the relationships with the therapist
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What is transference?
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Assumptions you make about therapist based on your experiences
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What is counter-transference?
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What the therapist reacts back to you in a professional manner
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What is resistance?
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Paradoxical behavior from the clients
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What are the three assumptions of buying your own building for private practice?
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1. Live in a community for an extended time
2. Community is stable and growing 3. Find reputable people to manage property |
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What is the purpose of therapeutic intervention?
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Foster change to improve client's life
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What are the four principles of therapeutic change?
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1. Patient is agent of change.
2. Agent determines pace of change 3. Action is required for change to occur 4. Change involves an emotional risk |
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What are some factors associated with positive change?
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social support, active involvement and positive expectation for change
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What factors may impede change?
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severity of problems, lack of social support, passive attitude, hopelessness
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What is the coping model?
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Purpose of therapy is to expand the patient's range of coping mechanisms with difficult emotion/situations to make purposeful choices
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What is noncontemplation?
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When people are not even considering changing; person seems oblivious about change and effect behavior has on others
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What is anticontemplation?
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Actively against the idea of change
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What is precontemplation?
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Begins to consider consequences, purpose and possibility of change; idea is external or eventual
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What is contemplation?
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More deeply considering internal problem exists and gives serious thought to changing
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What occurs in the preparation/action planning stage?
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Actively planning to change and have made a thoughtful decision
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What happens in the action stage?
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Observable changes in behavior
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During what stage of therapy do people usually drop out?
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Precontemplation
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What occurs in the maintanence stage?
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When change has been implemented for a substantial period of time (6 months)
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What is the most commonly used method to evaluate change?
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Symptom checklist
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What is a collateral participant?
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Someone who comes into therapy with a patient
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What is one of the two viewpoints of termination of therapy?
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logical conclusion that can be identified easily and intuitively when pace of therapy slows
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What is the second viewpoint of the termination of therapy?
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Crucial stage that merits careful attention
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What are the three elements that determine the quality of termination?
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1. Direct communication about termination
2. Opportunity to express feelings and assess satisfaction with therapy and therapist 3. Decision regarding potential future needs |
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What occurs with premature termination?
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Without the sense of psychological closure that comes with having resolved problems;
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What is the expected model for termination?
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Prospective
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What is prospective termination?
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When the client's goals have been reached and the client/therapist agree that it is reasonable to end therapy.
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What is flexible termination?
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When the client has improved but postpones further session or does not follow up in rescheduling
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What happens in complex termination?
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When communication about termination does not follow a usual course
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What is an oblique termination?
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When there is no discussion, explanation or response to follow up by the client
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What is unprofessional termination?
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When the provider fails to uphold reasonable standards
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What are the six types of termination?
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Premature
Prospective Flexible Unprofessional Oblique Complex |
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What are beneficence and nonmaleficence?
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The pracitioner's striving to provide benefit and avoid harm by only providing services that benefit the client
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What is a conflict of interest?
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Any situation that might interfere with the exercise of professional discretion or impartial judgment
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What is abandonment?
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There is direct harm from the practitioners lack of performing a service
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What is the standard of care model?
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Providers owe a duty to their clients
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What are the three duties that providers owe their clients?
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1. Protection against known, imminent harm
2. Create and maintain professional record of services 3. To conduct practice in a professional manner |
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What is a practice profile?
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A document that states the provider's approach to therapy, philosophy of practice, etc.
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What are the four limits of the therapist?
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1. Competence
2. Relocation 3. Ending Practice 4. Uncertain situations |
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What are some of the benchmarks of client's progress and termination readiness?
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Productive alliance between client and therapist; improved family or systems functioning; decreased symptoms
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What are some typical reasons for termination?
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attainment of initial goals
financial issues practical circumstances client actions provider-client match |
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What are some essential steps for termination?
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review clinical and emotional contexts
identify any limits consider risks provide pre-termination counseling |
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What is burnout?
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Psychological syndrome in response to chronic interpersonal stressors on the job
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What are the three major components to burnout?
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emotional exhaustion
depersonalization self-perception of lack of accomplishment |
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How is burnout different to depression?
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It is job-related, situation-specific and limited to the work context;
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What is reciprocal determinism?
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a person affects his/her environment, which in turn affects the person's thoughts and feelings
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How does the textbook suggest psychologists promote self-awareness?
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Recognizing your own thoughts and feelings
Generate alternative solutions for situations Identify problem and obstacles |
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What is the main problem with risky therapists?
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They have poor boundaries - excessive self-disclosure, seek power and adoration from their work, and engage in gift-giving
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What are risky work settings?
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Where professionals are practicing in isolation from other MH professionals
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What are risky clients?
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Low self-esteem, neediness, high dependency and past abuse
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What does positive psychology aim to do?
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Focuses on human strengths, well-being, happiness
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What is the hedonic tradition?
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Good life in terms of pleasure seeking and pain avoidance
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What is the eudaimonic tradition?
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Good life in terms of achieving full potential
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What is flow?
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The loss of sense of time and completely engrossed in an activity as if you are outside yourself
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What are signature strengths?
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Strengths individuals have that are core attributes of themselves that cause excitement and promote quick learning
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What are some characteristics of people who are generally happy?
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Extraverted, optimistic, high self-esteem and internal locus of control
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What is Bordin's Model of the Working Alliance?
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Agreement about the goals and tasks of therapy and the establishment of a positive interpersonal bond between client and therapist
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What are five client impediments to change?
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Ideas about previous therapy failures
Fear of change or becoming different Lack of Compelling Reasons to Change Therapy as a loss of social status Low tolerance for frustration |
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What are five therapist impediments to change?
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lack of therapist skill
failure to socialize client to treatment therapeutic narcissism inability to build collaboration unrealistic expectations of client |
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What are some environmental impediments to change?
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Cultural opposition to seeking help
Therapy sabotaged by significant others Lack of resources Unrealistic demands by institutions and family members |
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What are some pathology impediments to change?
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cognitive rigidity
medical problems trust impairments substance misuse social isolation |
