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109 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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clinical psychology
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a profession that, through psychological methods:
- evaluates people with discomfort/dysfunction - treats them - does research on human problems - and enhances functioning of patients |
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evaluating
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determines if a person has a mental illness or if they are just troubled
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clinical psychologists work in...
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- mental health clinics
- private practices - hospitals - schools - medical schools |
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psychiatrist job
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physician
- prescribes medications - does diagnostic interviews - provides psychotherapy |
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psychiatrist education
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BS + MD + 3 years of residency
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psychiatrist model
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medical model
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"medical model"
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- all symptoms have an underlying biological cause
- "watch one, do one, teach one" - solidifies knowledge and skills |
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clinical/psychiatric social workers job
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- gather family history
- do family therapy and psychotherpy |
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clinical/psychiatric social workers education
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MSW (master of social work), BS + 2 years
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clinical/psychiatric social workers model
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social model
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"social model"
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interactions and relationships between people
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counselors job
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do psychotherapy
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counselors education
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Master's degree, BS + 2 years
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school psychologists job
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do testing
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school psychologists education
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Master's degree and PhD, BS + 1 or 2 years
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rehabilitation counselors job
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counseling to change behavior
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health psychologists job
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use psychological means to improve others' overall health
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clinical psychologists job
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- assessment
- psychotherapy - research |
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clinical psychologists education
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PhD or PsyD, BS + 4 years of graduate training + 1 year intern
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clinical psychologists model
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scientist-practitioner model
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"scientist-practitioner model"
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psychologist is a scientist first, instead of the medical or social model
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6 basic activities of a clinical psychologist
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1. assessment
2. psychotherapy 3. research 4. teaching 5. consultation 6. administration |
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Galton
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1850-1899, blank slate
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James McKeen Cattell
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1850-1899, individual differences
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Emil Kraeplin
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1850-1899, first diagnostic classifications
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1850-1899 diagnosis and assessment
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- Galton
- James McKeen Cattell - Emil Kraeplin |
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Charcot
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1850-1899, first hypnosis
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Freud
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1850-1899, first psychotherapy
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1850-1899 psychotherapy
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- originally people were just locked up, no therapy
- Charcot - Freud |
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Wundt
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1850-1899, first scientific laboratory
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1850-1899 clinical psychology research
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- Wundt
- scientific approach |
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Lightner Witner
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1896 - coined "clinical psychology"
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1850-1899 clinical psychology as a profession
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Lightner Witner
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Binet and Simon
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1900-1919, first intellectual test
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Terman
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1900-1919, diagnoses translated to english
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Jung
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1900-1919, word association tecnique
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Spearman
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1900-1919, "g" (general) intelligence)
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Army Alpha and Beta
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1900-1919, first group intelligence tests
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Woodworth
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1900-1919, first PDS (personality data sheet)
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1900-1919
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- Binet and Simon
- Terman - Jung - Spearman - Army Alpha and Beta - Woodworth - group testing |
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Beers
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1900-1919, mental hygiene movement
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1900-1919 psychotherapy
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- psychoanalysis
- Beers - Child Guidance Movement |
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1900-1919 clinical psychology research
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- test validation research
- "behaviorism" |
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1900-1919 clinical psychology as a profession
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- starts journals
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology (APA) |
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Wechsler
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1920-1940, Wechsler Bellview intelligence test
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Rorschach
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1920-1940, inkblot
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Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
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1920-1940, story about pictures, created by Murray and Morgon
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1920-1940 diagnosis and assessment
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- Wechsler
- Rorschach - TAT - Rorschach scoring (Exner) |
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1920-1940 psychotherapy
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- psychoanalysis
- play therapy - group therapy - Little Albert |
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1920-1940 clinical psychology research
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test validation
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1920-1940 clinical psychology as a profession
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- academic continued
- Psychology Corporation created - standards of training |
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MMPI
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1940-1965, objective personality tests
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WISC
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1940-1965, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
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DSM
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1940-1965, standardized diagnosis labels
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1940-1965 diagnosis and assessment
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- MMPI
- WISC - DSM |
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Roger
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1940-1965, behavioral psychologist, first client-centered therapy, unconditional positive regard, genuinity
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Perls
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1940-1965, Gestalt therapy
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Ellis
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1940-1965, RET - rational emotive therapy
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Wolpe
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1940-1965, first systematic desensitization
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Rotter
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1940-1965, social learning theory and expectations
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1940-1965 psychotherapy
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- psychologists main source of treatment
- Rogers - Perls - Ellis - Wolpe - Bandura - Rotter |
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1940-1965 clinical psychology research
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treatment process
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V.A.
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1940-1965 Veteran's Administration, defines clinical psychology
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Boulder Conference
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1949, APA develops the scientist-practitioner model - PhD
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CMDC Act
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1963, provide free psychological services
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NIMH
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1940-1965, supports graduate training
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1940-1965 clinical psychology as a profession
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- Veteran's Administration
- Boulder Conference - CMHC Act - Ethics developed - NIMH |
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WAIS
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1966-1990, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
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Exner
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1966-1990, comprehensive system for Rorschach
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1966-1990 diagnosis and assessment
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- revisions
- WISC revised - WAIS - MMPI 2 - Exner - DSM 2 and DSM 3 |
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1966-1990 psychotherapy
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- cognitive therapy (Beck)
- exposure - treatment manuals - effective medications |
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meta-analysis
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1966-1990, looking at results of many studies together
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1966-1990 clinical psychology research
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- treatment process
- therapy efficacy (meta-analysis) |
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Vail Conference
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1966-1990, developed alternative degree - PsyD
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1966-1990 clinical psychology as a profession
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- licensing
- Vail Conference - insurance reimbursment - APS formed |
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PAI
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1991---, objective personality assessment
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RIAS
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1991---, intelligence test
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1991--- diagnosis and assessment
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PAI, WISC 4, WAIS 4, RIAS, DSM 4
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EVT
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1991---, Empirically Validated Treatment
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1991--- psychotherapy
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- cognitive behavioral therapy
- specificity - EVT - interpersonal therapy |
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1991--- clinical psychology research
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- empirical validation
- "clinical trials" - evidence-based treatment |
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1991--- clinical psychology as a profession
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- Medicare recognizes psychology
- managed care - prescription privileges - subspecialties |
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purposes of research
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- provide a base of evidence for answering questions
- extend and modify theories - correct misconceptions - increase our ability to predict and control |
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types of studies/observations
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- unsystematic observations
- naturalistic observations - controlled observations - case studies - laboratory studies - epidemiological - correlational - longitudinal/cross-sectional |
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epidemiology
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distribution of a phenomenon in a population
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correlation
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relationship between two variables, does not equal causation
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longitudinal study
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across a person's life span; takes a long time and expensive
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cross-sectional study
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across a certain age group; difference in people's experience
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Eysenck
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1952, used a control group that supported that psychotherapy made people worse
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control groups
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very important to verify information
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Smith and Glass
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1977, meta-analysis, significant effect differences
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Consumer Reports
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1995 questionairre on psychotherapy, found many people benefitted
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Charlie Robertson
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- psychologist for juvenile court system
- used MMPI for mentally retarded person, random results diagnosed him with schizophrenia - arrested for fraud - lied about BA and MD |
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external ethics controls
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- Licensure and Laws
- 1st set of controls called ABPP (1947) - no legal standing - state standards - APA code of conduct |
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state standards
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- certification (can use the name "psychologist")
- licensure (protects title and function, required to be APA registered and other requirements) |
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internal ethics controls
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- conscience
- ethical standards |
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principle of ethics
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do unto other as you would want them to do unto you
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2 goals of Ethical Principles of Psychologists
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- aspirational goals- ideals, put the patient above us
- enforcable rules - more straightfoward |
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when an ethical complaint is filed...
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a committee will look over the case in order to be more objective
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APA penalties
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1. reprimand
2. censure 3. termination of APA membership 4. refer to State Board |
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APA Code of Conduct
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- created in 1953, revised every few years (last 2003)
- goals and rules apply only to psychologist activities |
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preamble to APA Code of Conduct
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- completely ideal but gives a focus
- protect people's rights and don't take advantage of them |
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principles of APA Code of Conduct
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- benificence
- fidelity and responsibility - integrity - justice - respect for people's rights and dignity |
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Stricker ethical standards
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1. keep your mouth shut
2. do what you know 3. keep your clothes on |
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dual relationship
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has 2 different functions that can compete against each other
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ethical standards of APA Code of Conduct
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10 categories
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Tatiana Tarasoff
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exception to ethical standards - court case saying there is a "duty to warn"
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VA requirements for licensure
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- PhD/PsyD - APA approved program with internship
- residency - 1200-1600 supervised hours - National Exam (less than 1 standard dev. from top 60%) |
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paraprofessionals
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people who provide services in hospitals under supervision, have on average a BS
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