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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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amniocentisis |
A medical procedure[1] used in prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities and fetal infections,[2] and also for sex determination, in which a small amount of amniotic fluid, which contains fetal tissues, is sampled from the amniotic sac surrounding a developing fetus, and then the fetal DNA is examined for genetic abnormalities. |
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chorionic villus sampling |
A prenatal test that diagnoses chromosomal abnormalities such as Down syndrome, as well as a host of other genetic disorders. The doctor takes cells from tiny fingerlike projections on your placenta called thechorionic villi and sends them to a lab for genetic analysis.
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fetoscopy |
Allows access to the fetus, the amniotic cavity, the umbilical cord, and the fetal side of the placenta. Small incision made in the abdomen; endoscope inserted through the abdominal wall and uterus into the amniotic cavity. Allows medical interventions (eg: biopsy) and treatment of spina bifida |
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ultrasound |
Test done during pregnancy that uses reflected sound waves. It produces a picture of the baby fetus. May be done in the first trimester to look for birth defects, such as Down syndrome and eventually to detect sex.
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fetal surgery |
A highly complex surgical intervention to repair birth defects in the womb that requires the most expert care for both mother and unborn baby.
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blastocyst |
Hollow, fluid-filled ball. Inner cells become embryonic disk...embryo...fetus. Outer ring of cells will become the trophoblast...placenta...support structures. Implantation by 10th day post-conception. |
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trophoblast forms the... |
amnion, yolk sac, chlorion, placenta & umbilical cord |
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amnion |
encloses the embryo in amniotic fluid; regs. temp. and cushions against impact |
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yolk sac |
produces blood cells until liver, spleen and bone marrow mature |
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chorion |
surrounds amnion; outer membrane; create villi that eventually turn into the placenta |
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placenta |
permits nutrients to reach embryo and wastes to be carried away; makes HCG |
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umbilical cord |
connects placenta to embryo (1 vein and 2 arteries) |
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period of the embryo |
2-8 weeks; endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm, neurogenesis & synaptogenesis |
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endoderm |
digestive and respiratory system |
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ectoderm |
nervous system, sensory receptors, skin, hair and nails |
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mesoderm |
circulatory, skeletal, muscular & reproductive systems |
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neurogenesis occurs... |
weeks 7-18 |
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synaptogenesis |
8 weeks gestation to 2nd yr. of life |
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neural tube |
primitive spinal cord formed by ectoderm at 3 1/2 weeks |
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HOX Genes |
1st discovered in fruit flies a group of related genes that control the body plan of an embryo along the cranio-caudal (head-tail) axis absence causes mutations |
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gastrulation |
Reorganizes the two-layer embryo into a three-layer embryo, and also gives the embryo its specific head-to-tail, and front-to-back orientation.
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organogenesis occurs in... |
3rd month |
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period of the fetus |
9th week to end of pregnancy |
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can usually detect sex of fetus at... |
around 18 weeks |
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light and sound stimulation
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5th or 6th month |
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age of viability |
22-26 weeks |
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final trimester milestones |
age of viability; brain dev. & neuron myelination; increased movement; fatty tissues dev.; assumes upside-down position |
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factors that teratogens influence severity and type of defect |
dose, time of exposure, and genetic susceptibility |
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organisms are most vulnerable to taratogens at... |
embryonic period |
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effects of cigarette smoke |
respiratory problems, SIDS, fetal and neonatal death, preterm birth & low birth weight |
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effects of alcohol |
FAS, p-FAS, Alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND), reduced brain size |
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effects of ionizing radiation |
underdeveloped brain, physical deformities, slow physical growth, childhood cancer, lower IQ, language and emotional disorders |
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thalidomide |
devastating physical abnormalities and cognitive problems |
