Ch. 5

Front 1

Cephalocaudal development describes the processes by which development proceeds from the ______ to the lower part of the body

Back 1

Head

Front 2

The ____ principle means that the development proceeds from the trunk outward

Back 2

Proximodistal

Front 3

Infants usually double their birth weight in about ___ months and triple it by their 1st birthday

Back 3

Five

Front 4

Compared to mothers of healthy infants, mothers of infants with failure to thrive show fewer ____ feelings toward their infants.

Back 4

Positive

Front 5

After illness or dietary deficiency children show _____ which is a tendency to return to their genetically determined pattern of growth.

Back 5

Canalization

Front 6

Breast milk contains ____ that can prevent problems such as ear infections

Back 6

Antibodies

Front 7

____ are the basic units of the nervous system

Back 7

Neurons

Front 8

Each neuron possesses a cell body dentrites and an ____

Back 8

Axon

Front 9

The brain reaches nearly _____% of its adult weight by the 1st birthday.

Back 9

70

Front 10

The wrinkled part of the brain, called the ____ enables the child to maintain balance and to control physical behavior.

Back 10

Cerebellum

Front 11

Infants can first raise their heads at about the age of ___ month(s)

Back 11

One

Front 12

Infants first use a(n) _____ grasp for holding objects

Back 12

Ulnar

Front 13

Researchers assess infants ability to stack blocks as a measure of their _____ motor control

Back 13

Visual

Front 14

Infants ___ before they ___

Back 14

Sit up, crawl

Front 15

As children mature their bones _____ in density

Back 15

Increase

Front 16

Research reveals that both maturation and ____ play a role in motor development.

Back 16

Nurture

Front 17

Arnold Gesell _____ find that extensive training on hand coordination, block building, and stair climbing gave infants enduring advantages over untrained infants in these skills.

Back 17

Did not

Front 18

At 2 months of age infants tend to fixate longer on a ____ face

Back 18

Real

Front 19

Neonates direct their attention to the ____ of objects

Back 19

Edges

Front 20

Researchers have studied depth perception in infants through the use of visual ___

Back 20

Cliff

Front 21

Research suggests that infants have developed size by constancy by about ____ months

Back 21

2-3

Front 22

As infants develop, they have ____ ability to screen out meaningless sounds in their native languages.

Back 22

Greater

Front 23

As time passes during infancy one change in perceptual development is that intentional action replaces _____ or automatic responses to stimulation.

Back 23

Capture

Front 24

Research shows that both nature and ____ are essential to perceptual development

Back 24

Nurture

Front 25

Piaget labeled children's concepts of the world as ____

Back 25

Schemes

Front 26

Children try to ____ new events into existing schemes

Back 26

Assimilate

Front 27

Piagets ____ stage spans the first 2 years of cognitive development.

Back 27

Sensorimotor

Front 28

Primary ____ reactions are characterized by repeating stimulating actions that occur by chance

Back 28

Circular

Front 29

In ____ circular reactions activity is repeated bexause of its effect on the environment

Back 29

Secondary

Front 30

____ circular reactions are purposeful adaptations of established schemes to specific situations

Back 30

Tertiary

Front 31

Object ___ is recognition that an object or person continues to exist when out of sight

Back 31

Permanence

Front 32

The ____ processing approach to cognitive development focuses on how children manipulate or process information.

Back 32

Information

Front 33

____ improves dramatically between the ages of 2 and 6 months

Back 33

Memory

Front 34

The imitation of actions after a time delay is called ___ imitation.

Back 34

Deferred

Front 35

According to Vygotsky childrens cognitive development involves their ____ skilled approaches from joint problem solving with more skilled partners

Back 35

Internalizing

Front 36

The Bagley Scales of infant Development contain mental scale items and ___ scale items

Back 36

Motor

Front 37

The Brazelton Neonatal Behavior Assessment Scale is used to screen for sensory or ____ problems

Back 37

Neurological

Front 38

____ recognition memory consists of an infants ability to discriminate previously seen objects from novel objects

Back 38

Visual

Front 39

____ is the first vocalizing that sounds like human speech

Back 39

Babbling

Front 40

Children with a ____ language style use language mainly to label objects

Back 40

Referential

Front 41

Children try to talk about more objects than they have words for which often results in ____ of the meanings of words

Back 41

Overextension

Front 42

____ are single words that are used to express complex meanings

Back 42

Holophrases

Front 43

The sequence of emergence of the different types of two-word utterances is ____ in diverse language

Back 43

The same

Front 44

____ theorists explain language development in terms of imitation and reinforcement

Back 44

Learning