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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an isotope?
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2 or more atoms with the same amount of protons, but different number of neutrons. They have same number of electrons, same atomic number, same chemical properties, different mass numbers and physical properties.
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What is the relaitve atomic mass?
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The ratio of the average mass per atom of the naturally occurring form of an element to one-twelfth the mass of an atom of carbon-12.
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How do you calculate the relative atomic mass?
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Percentage of substance present x it's number of neutrons / 100
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How do you find the number of protons of an element or an isotope?
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Look at its atomic number.
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How do you find the number of neutrons in an element or isotope?
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Subtract number of protons from whatever number is on the top left corner of the element.
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How do you find the number of electrons in an element or isotope?
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Same as the proton number, except if there is a 2- or 2+ on the top right corner of the element.
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Explain the term van der Waals' forces.
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A weak attractive force between atoms or nonpolar molecules caused by a temporary change in dipole moment arising from a brief shift of orbital electrons to one side of one atom or molecule, creating a similar shift in adjacent atoms or molecules.
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How did van der Waals' forces arise?
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There was an uneven distribution of electrons, it then created an instantaneous dipole.
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What is oxidation numbers?
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When the metal atoms react to form ions, they lose the two outer electrons to give ions with a 2+ charge. This applies for all group 2 elements.
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What does anhydrous mean?
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Denoting a chemical compound lacking water, applied particularly to salts lacking their water of crystalization
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What is the relative formula mass?
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All the symbol equations added up.
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How do you calculate the expected mass?
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Use the triangles.
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Why does SF6 have an octahedral shape?
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An octahedral shape has 6 outer elements attached to it, forming 90 degrees between each.
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What does electronegativity mean?
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Teh ability of an atom to attract the bonded electrons in a covalent bond.
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What does non-polar mean?
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Means the covalent bond between two of the same element.
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What is the name of the term used to describe the repeating patterns in the Periodic Table?
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Triads, law of octaves,
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What are the key features of bonding?
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Ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds and covalent bonds.
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What is the shape of a compound with 3 number of electron pairs?
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Trigonal Planar
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NaOh + HCl = ?
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NaCl + H20
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CaCO3 + H2SO4 = ?
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CaS04 + CO2 + H20
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What are some key features of salt?
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They are ionic compounds, have hight melting and boiling points, conduct electricity when they are dissolved in water and when molten, and are often soluble in water.
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What does OIL RIG stand for?
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Oxidation Is Loss Reduction Is Gain
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What are some oxidation rules?
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An uncombined element is zero
In simple ions the ON of the element is the charge on the ion The sum in a neutral compound is zero Some elements have fixed oxidation numbers in all their compounds |
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How do we know the different oxidation numbers?
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Group 1 metals 1+, Group 2 metals 2+, Group 3 metals 3+
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