Chemistry - Atomic Structure

Front 1

What are all substances made of?

Back 1

Atoms

Front 2

What are atoms split into?

Back 2

Neutrons

Electrons

Protons

Front 3

What is the electric charge of an atom?

Back 3

No electric charge

Front 4

Why do atoms have no electric charge?

Back 4

They have the same amount of protons and electrons

Front 5

What is the charge of neutrons?

Back 5

Neutral charge (0)

Front 6

What is the charge of electrons?

Back 6

Negative charge (-1)

Front 7

What is the charge of protons?

Back 7

Positive charge (+1)

Front 8

What is the mass of a neutron?

Back 8

1 amu

Front 9

What is the mass of an electron?

Back 9

1/1840 amu

Front 10

What is the mass of a proton?

Back 10

1 amu

Front 11

What is the radius of an atom?

Back 11

0.1 nm

Front 12

What is an element?

Back 12

A substance that is made up of one kind of atom only, it is the smallest part if an element that can exist

Front 13

What is the nucleus made up of?

Back 13

Protons and neutrons

Nearly all the mass of an atom is in the nucleus

Front 14

What is atomic number?

Back 14

The amount of protons/electrons in the atom

Front 15

What is mass number?

Back 15

The amount of protons and neutrons in the atom

Front 16

Around how many elements are in the periodic table?

Back 16

100

Front 17

How are compounds formed?

Back 17

Compounds are formed from elements by chemical reactions

Front 18

What do compounds contain?

Back 18

Two or more elements chemically combined in fixed proportions

Front 19

How can mixtures be separated?

Back 19

Filtration, crystallisation, simple distillation, fractional distillation and chromatography

Front 20

Atoms that have different mass numbers but the same atomic numbers are called?

Back 20

Isotopes

Front 21

What is relative atomic mass?

Back 21

Is the average value that takes account of the abundance of the isotopes of the element.

Front 22

How many electrons fill each shell?

Back 22

Simple : 2,8,8,1

Advanced: 2,8,18,32

Front 23

What on the periodic table can tell you the amount of valance electrons in an element?

Back 23

The group number

Front 24

What does the period number tell you about atoms?

Back 24

How many electron shells there are

Front 25

What are molecules?

Back 25

A group of atoms that are bonded together

Front 26

The further away the electrons are from the nucleus...

Back 26

The more energy they have

Front 27

How to separate compounds?

Back 27

Through chemical reactions

Front 28

What is a mixture?

Back 28

Consists of two or more elements or compounds not chemically combined together.

Chemical properties remain unchanged

Front 29

Fractional Distillation

Back 29

Separates misable (completely mixed together) liquids. Separates liquids from a mixture of 2+ liquids

Have different bp's so one liquid evaporates before the other

Front 30

Chromatography

Back 30

Separates dissolved substances, that are coloured

Front 31

Evaporation

Back 31

Separates a dissolved substance from a salt solution

Front 32

Simple Distillation

Back 32

Separates solute and solvent

Front 33

Crystallisation

Back 33

Separates a solute from a solvent, liquid substance changes to a solid form as liquid has evaporated beyond solubility limit

Front 34

Filtration

Back 34

Separates an insoluble solid from a liquid

Front 35

What is a mixtures composition?

Back 35

Variable, can vary property amounts. But each substance retains its own properties. Easily separated by physical processes

Front 36

Who came up with the plum pudding model?

Back 36

J.J Thompson

Front 37

Plum pudding model

Back 37

Front 38

What did J J Thompson discover

Back 38

Electrons, tiny negatively charged particles in 1897

Front 39

What did John Dalton discover?

Back 39

Beginning of the 19th century

Atoms were thought to be the smallest possible particles

Compounds are formed when two + types of atoms join togethee

Front 40

Nuclear Model

Back 40

Front 41

Who discovered the nuclear model?

Back 41

Ernest Rutherford (w/ Hans Greiger and George Marsden) in 1911

Fired alpha particles at a thin piece of gold. They thought particles would pass but a tiny fraction bounced back.

Scattering meant tiny positive nucleus

Front 42

What did Niels Bohr do?

Back 42

Adapted the nuclear model in 1913.

Electrons moved on stable orbits at specific distances.

Further experiments led to protons being discovered.

Front 43

James Chadwick

Back 43

In 1932

Discovered a new particle inside the nucleus.

Same mass as proton and no charge : neutron.

Front 44

How to calculate relative atomic mass?

Back 44

Front 45

Rf Value

Back 45

Front 46

How are different dyes separated by paper chromatography?

Back 46