Chemical Components Of Life

Front 1

Electrolytes

Back 1

Substances that release ions in water

Front 2

Acids

Back 2

Electrolytes that release hydrogen ions in water (H+)

Front 3

Bases

Back 3

Electrolytes that release hydroxide ions (OH-)

Front 4

pH

Back 4

Measures hydrogen ion concentration

Front 5

Midpoint of the pH scale

Back 5

7.0

Front 6

Optimal pH for an animal

Back 6

7.4

Front 7

Inorganic substances

Back 7

These substances usually dissociate in water to release ions. They are electrolytes

Front 8

Organic substances

Back 8

Do not release ions when they dissolve in water. They are nonelectrolytes.

Hint 8

More likely to dissolve in organic liquids (ex: ether, alcohol)

Front 9

Examples of metabolic processes

Back 9

Transport of substances in and out of cells

Muscle contraction

Nerve impulse conduction

Front 10

Salt

Back 10

An electrolyte composed of oppositely charged ions

Front 11

Four groups of organic substances

Back 11

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Front 12

Carbohydrates

Back 12

Organic compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Hint 12

They supply much of the energy for cells

Front 13

Monosaccharides

Back 13

Six carbon sugars that include glucose, fructose, and galactose (simple carbohydrates)

Hint 13

Simple sugara

Front 14

Disaccharides

Back 14

Composed of several simple sugars. They include sucrose and lactose (complex carbohydrates)

Hint 14

Double sugars

Front 15

Polysaccharides

Back 15

Composed of many simple sugars, one example is plant starch (complex carbohydrates)

Hint 15

Double sugars

Front 16

Lipids

Back 16

Organic substance. Insoluble in water, soluble in certain organic solvents. Includes fats, phospholipids, and steroids

Front 17

Fats

Back 17

Lipids that are primarily used to store energy for cellular activities. a single molecule of this type is composed of one glycerol molecule and three fatty acids

Front 18

Unsaturated fat

Back 18

A fat that contains one or more double bonds between its carbon atoms

Front 19

Saturated fat

Back 19

A fat that contains no double bonds between its carbon atoms

Front 20

Phospholipids

Back 20

Lipids used as structural components in cell membranes

Abundant in the liver and parts of the nervous system

Each molecule consists of glycerol and fatty acids

Front 21

Steroids

Back 21

Complex lipids that include carbon rings

(Ex: cholesterol-used to synthesize other steroids)

Front 22

Proteins

Back 22

Organic substances that are used as structural materials, energy sources, and hormones

Building blocks are amino acids

Front 23

Polypeptide chain

Back 23

Amino acids joined together in a string with links varying from less than 100 to more than 5,000

Front 24

Reasons why hydrogen bonds in a protein break

Back 24

Excessive heat, radiation, electricity, pH changes, various chemicals

Front 25

Primary structure

Back 25

The structure of a protein in a simple polypeptide chain

Front 26

Secondary structure

Back 26

The structure of a protein as it pleats or twists to form a coil

Front 27

Tertiary structure

Back 27

The structure of a protein as the pleated and coiled polypeptide chain folds into a unique 3D structure

Front 28

Quaternary structure

Back 28

The structure of a protein when two or more polypeptide chains are connected to form a single protein molecule

Front 29

Nucleic acids

Back 29

A large complex organic substance composed of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus that form nucleotides

Each nucleotide consists of a 5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, 1 nitrogenous base

Front 30

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Back 30

Organic substance, usually a single polynucleotide chain, controls access to genes and carries out protein synthesis

Front 31

Deoxyribonucleic Acids (DNA)

Back 31

Organic substance, usually a double polynucleotide chain, stores information and a code and synthesizes protein molecules