Chapters 7+8

Front 1

Cognition

Back 1

Mental activities involved in aquiring retaining and using knowledge

Front 2

Mental image

Back 2

Mental representation of objects or events that aren't phsycially present

Front 3

Thinking

Back 3

Manipulation of mental representations of info to draw inferences and conclusions

Front 4

Concept

Back 4

A mental category of objects or ideas based on properties they share

Front 5

Formal concept

Back 5

Mental concept formed by learning rules or features that define it (geometric shapes)

Front 6

Natural concept

Back 6

Mental category that is formed by everyday experiences

Front 7

Prototype

Back 7

The most typical instance of a particular concept

Front 8

Examplers

Back 8

Individual instances of a concept or category held in memory

Front 9

Algorithm.

Back 9

Problem solving using specific rule procedure or method

Front 10

Heuristic

Back 10

Problem solving strategy follow a general rule of thumb to reduce number of possible solutions

Front 11

Insight

Back 11

Sudden realization of how a problem can be solved

Front 12

Intuition

Back 12

Coming to conclusion without conciousley awareness of thought processes involved

Front 13

Functional fixedness

Back 13

Viewing objects as functioning only in their usual use

Front 14

Mental set

Back 14

Solving problems with solutions that have worked in the past

Front 15

Decision making three models

Back 15

1) singular factor model (making decision off a single factor, buying the cheapest)

2) additive model (giving multiple factors value then adding it up)

3) elimination by aspects model (evaluate alternatives one aspect at a time)

Front 16

Availability heuristic

Back 16

Likelihood of event is estimated by comparing how similar it is to the property of the event

Front 17

Representative heuristic

Back 17

Likelihood of event is estimated by comparing how similar it is to the prototype of the event

Front 18

Belief bias effect

Back 18

Accept evidence that confirms preexisting belief

Front 19

Overestimation effect

Back 19

Overestimate the chances of something happening

Front 20

Linguistic relativity hypothesis

Back 20

Differences among languages causes difference in the thought of their speakers

Front 21

Animal cognition

Back 21

Study of animal learning memory thinking and language

Front 22

Mental age

Back 22

Measure of intelligence based on average of age group

Front 23

Intelligence quotient

Back 23

Iq

Front 24

Wais

Back 24

Wechsler adult intelligence scale

Front 25

Achievement test

Back 25

Measure a person's level of knowledge or skill in a specific area

Front 26

Aptitude test

Back 26

Measure a person's capacity to benefit from education or training

Front 27

Reliability

Back 27

Ability of test to produce consistent results

Front 28

Validity

Back 28

Ability of a test to measure what it intends to measure

Front 29

G factor, general intelligence

Back 29

A general intelligence factor responsible for a person's overall performance on tests of mental ability

Front 30

Triarchic theory of intelligence

Back 30

3 distinct forms of intelligence

Analytical

Creative

Practical

Front 31

Stereotype threat

Back 31

Fear of stereotypes cause you to become e nervous and fail

Front 32

Instinct theories

Back 32

Certain human behaviors are innate and due to evolution

Front 33

Drive theories

Back 33

Behavior is motivated by unmet biological needs

Front 34

Homeostasis

Back 34

Body monitors and maintains internal states. Maintain equilibrium

Front 35

Drive

Back 35

Internal motivation, reduce need, restore homeostasis

Front 36

Incentive theories

Back 36

Behavior is motivated by external goals and rewards

Front 37

Arousal theory

Back 37

People are motivated to maintain an optimal level of arousal, not too high not too low

Front 38

Sensation seeking

Back 38

Degree an individual is motivated to experience high levels of sensory and phsyicall arousal associated with varied activities

Front 39

Humanistic theories of motivation

Back 39

Psychological and cognitive factors in motivation. Motivated to realize their full potential

Front 40

Base metabolic rate (bmr)

Back 40

Rate which body uses energy for vital functions while at rest

Front 41

Leptin

Back 41

Hormones produced by fat cells that signals the hypothalamus regulating hunger and eating behavior

Front 42

Neuropeptide (npy)

Back 42

Neurotransmitter stimulates eating behavior and reduces metabolism, promoting positive energy balance and weight gain

Front 43

Set point theory

Back 43

Natural optimal weight

Front 44

Supersize it syndrome

Back 44

Supersize it

Front 45

Positive incentive value

Back 45

Not motivated by hunger, motivated by pleasure

Front 46

Cafeteria diet effect

Back 46

Buffet

Front 47

Sexuality

Back 47

1) excitement

2) plateau

3) orgasm

4) resolution

Front 48

Maslow heirarchy of needs

Back 48

Basic physical needs

Psychological needs

Self fulfillment

Front 49

Self determination theory

Back 49

Optimal human functioning can occur only if psychological needs for autonomy competence and relatedness are satisfied

Front 50

Intrinsic motivation

Back 50

Desire to engage in tasks that are inherently satisfying and enjoyable

Front 51

Extrinsic motivation

Back 51

External factors, rewards, consequences

Front 52

Competence motivation

Back 52

Desire to direct behavior towards demonstrating consequence and excercising control

Front 53

Achievement motivation

Back 53

Desire to direct behavior toward excelling, succeeding or outperforming others

Front 54

Thematic appreciation test

Back 54

Personality test

Front 55

Emotional intelligence

Back 55

Capacity to understand and manage emotional experiences

Front 56

Interpersonal engagement

Back 56

Emotion dimension reflecting degree to which emotions involve a relationship with another person

Front 57

Display rules

Back 57

Social and cultural regulations governing emotional expression

Front 58

James louge theory of emotion

Back 58

Emotions arise from perceptions of body changes

Front 59

Facial feedback hypothesis

Back 59

Expressing a specific emotion causes the subjective experience or that emotion

Front 60

Two factor theory of emotion

Back 60

Emotion is interaction of physiological arousal and cognitive label made to explain it

Front 61

Cognitive appraisal theory of emotion

Back 61

Emotional responses are triggered by a cognitive evaluation