Chapters 5-8

Front 1

Listening

Back 1

the five stage process of receiving, attending to, understanding, responding to, and recalling sounds and visual images during interpersonal encounters.

Front 2

Hearing

Back 2

the sensory process of taking in and interpreting sound

Front 3

Types of Ineffective Listening

Back 3

1. Narcissistic

2. Eavesdropping

3. Pseudolistening

4. Agressive

5. Selective

Front 4

Narcissistic Listening

Back 4

ignore other people's problems and redirect the attention to yourself

Front 5

Eavesdropping

Back 5

intentional and systematic ways of listening to others conversations

Front 6

Pseudolistening

Back 6

Behave as if you are paying attention but you are not

Front 7

Aggressive listening

Back 7

Listening for an opportunity to attack another

verbal agression and chronic hostility

Front 8

Selective Listening

Back 8

taking in only bits and pieces of information that are not immediately salient

Front 9

Provocateur

Back 9

Agressive listeners who intentionally bait and attack others in online communication. "trolls"

Front 10

Functions of Listening

Back 10

-to discern

-to appreciate

-to support

-to analyze

-to comprehend

Front 11

Discern

Back 11

focus on distinguishing specific sounds from each other. their vocal tone.

Front 12

Analyze

Back 12

carefully evaluating the message in order to judge it.

Front 13

Appreciate

Back 13

enjoy the sounds and sights you are experiencing and then respond by expressing your appreciation.

Front 14

Support

Back 14

provide comfort

Front 15

comprehend

Back 15

work to accurately interpret and store information you receive to correctly recall it later

Front 16

Active Listening

Back 16

requires:

-receiving

-attending

-understanding

-responding

-recalling

Front 17

Receiving

Back 17

composed of seeing and hearing

Front 18

Attending

Back 18

devote attention to the information you received

Front 19

Understanding

Back 19

interpreting the meaning of another person's communication by comparing newly received information with last knowledge

Front 20

Responding

Back 20

communicating your attention and understanding

Front 21

Recalling

Back 21

remembering information after you have received, attended to, understood, and responded to it

Front 22

Listening Styles

Back 22

1. time-oriented

2. action-oriented

3. people-oriented

4. content-oriented

Front 23

Time-oriented

Back 23

brief and concise encounters

business

Front 24

Action-oriented

Back 24

brief and accurate messages

mostly males

Front 25

People-oriented

Back 25

opportunity to establish commonalities

get to know you

Front 26

Content-oriented

Back 26

prefer intellectually challenging messages

Front 27

Salience

Back 27

the degree to which particular people or aspects of their communication attract our attention

Front 28

Long-term Memory

Back 28

the part of your mind devoted to permanent information storage

Front 29

Short-term Memory

Back 29

the part of your mind that temporarily houses information while you seek to understand its meaning

Front 30

Feedback

Back 30

Verbal and Nonverbal messages that receivers use to indicate their reaction to communication such as a frown

Front 31

Paraphrasing

Back 31

an active listening response that summarizes or restates others' comments after they are finished

Front 32

Mnemonics

Back 32

Devices the aid memory

ex. Roy G. Biv

Front 33

Primacy Effect

Back 33

the items at the end and the beginning are most likely to be remembered

Front 34

Bizarreness Effect

Back 34

causes us to remember unusual information more ready than commonplace information

the more bizarre the more likely we will remember it

Front 35

Mental Bracketing

Back 35

Systematically putting aside thoughts that are not relevant to the interaction at hand

Front 36

Connotative Meaning

Back 36

understanding of a words meaning based on the situation and the shared knowledge between communication partners

Front 37

Denotative Meaning

Back 37

the literal of dictionary definition of a word

Front 38

Symbols

Back 38

items used to represent other things, ideas, or events

such as the alphabet

Front 39

Regulative Rules

Back 39

Guidelines that govern how we use language when we verbally communicate

spelling, grammer, and conversational usage.

ex. cursing in public and greetings

Front 40

Communication Accommodation Theory

Back 40

the idea that people are especially motivated to adapt their language when they seek social approval, wish to establish relationships with others, and view other's language use as appropriate.

Front 41

Cooperative Principles

Back 41

the idea that we should make our verbal messages as informative, relevant, honest, and clear as is required by the situation

ex. responding with support NOT bragging

Front 42

Linguistic Determinism

Back 42

the view that the language we use defines the boundaries of our thinking

Front 43

Linguistic Relativity

Back 43

the idea that languages create variations in the ways cultures perceive and think about the world

Front 44

Naming

Back 44

creating linguistic symbols to represent people, objects, places, and ideas

Front 45

Dialect

Back 45

variations on language rules shared by large groups or particular regions; this may include differences in vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation

ex. soda, pop, coke

Front 46

I-language

Back 46

communication that uses the pronoun "I" in a sentence construction to emphasize ownership of your feelings, opinion, and beliefs.

Front 47

We-language

Back 47

Communication that uses the pronoun "we" to emphasize inclusion

Front 48

You-language

Back 48

Communication that states or implies the pronoun "you" to place the focus of attention on blaming others

Front 49

Verbal communication

Back 49

the exchange of spoken or written language with others during interactions

-symbolic

-governed by rules

-flexible

-cultural

-evolving

Front 50

Cultural

Back 50

high-context: everyone shares meaning/context

low-context: not presumes that people share meaning so they explain and ar every informative

Front 51

Nonverbal communication

Back 51

the intentional or unintentional transmission of meaning through an individual's non spoken physical and behavioral cues

Front 52

Kinesics

Back 52

a nonverbal code that represents messages communicated in visible body movements

-facial expression, eye contact, posture, body movements, and gestures

Front 53

Haptics

Back 53

a nonverbal code that represents messages conveyed through touch

Front 54

Chronemics

Back 54

a nonverbal code that represents the way you use time to communicate in interpersonal encounters

Front 55

Physical Appearance

Back 55

a nonverbal code that represents visual attributes such as body types, clothing, hair and other physical features.

Front 56

Vocalics

Back 56

vocal characteristics we use to communicate nonverbal messages, such as volume, pitch, rate, voice quality, vocalized sounds, and silence.

Front 57

Proxemics

Back 57

a nonverbal code for communication through physical distance

Front 58

Types of Touch

Back 58

1. functional-proffesional

2. social-polite

3. friendship-warmth

4. love-intimacy

5. sexual arousal

Front 59

Functional-proffessional Touch

Back 59

a touch used to accomplish a task

ex. physical therapist, dancers

Front 60

Social-polite Touch

Back 60

a touch, such as a handshake, used to demonstrate social norms or culturally expected behaviors

Front 61

Friendship-warmth Touch

Back 61

a touch used to express liking for another person, such as an arm across another's shoulders, a victory slap between teammates, or playful jostling between friends

Front 62

Love-Intimacy Touch

Back 62

a touch indicating deep emotional feeling, such as holding hands or a hug between friends

Front 63

Sexual-aurosal Touch

Back 63

an intentional touch designed to physically stimulate another person

Front 64

Proxemics

Back 64

communication through physical distance

-intimate space

-personal space

-social space

-public space

Front 65

Intimate Space

Back 65

the narrowest proxemic zone- 0-18 inches of space- between communicators

Front 66

Personal Space

Back 66

the zone that ranges from 18 inches to 4 feet. most often used for friendly conversation in U.S.

Front 67

Social Space

Back 67

the zone that ranges rom 4-12 feet. most often used for communication acquaintances and strangers in the U.S.

Front 68

Public Space

Back 68

the widest zone. it ranges outward form 12 feet. it is the most appropriate for formal settings.

Front 69

M-time

Back 69

monochromic time

a cultural orientation toward time that values careful scheduling and time management.

ex. in U.S. appointments are important

Front 70

P-time

Back 70

polychromic time

a cultural orientation towards time, vowing it loosely and fluidly and valuing human relationships over strict schedules and efficiency.

ex. punctuality takes the back burner to a good conversation in Mexico

Front 71

Functions of Nonverbal Communication

Back 71

-reiterating

-contradicting

-spotlighting

-replacing

-enhancing

(convey meanings, express emotion, present self, manage interaction, define relationships)

Front 72

Affect Displays

Back 72

intentional or unintentional nonverbal behaviors that reveal real or pretended emotions

ex. frown, choked sob, or a fear hiding smile

Front 73

Dominance

Back 73

the interpersonal behaviors we use to exert power or influence over others. may occur through nonverbal behavior, such as staring someone down.

Front 74

Types of gestures

Back 74

-illustrator

-regulator

-adaptor

-kinesics

-emblem

Front 75

Illustrator

Back 75

kinesic movement that will accent or illustrate verbal messages

Front 76

Regulator

Back 76

kinesic movement that will control the exchange of conversational turns during interpersonal encounters

Front 77

Adaptor

Back 77

kinesic movement that are touching gestures which serve as a psychological or physical purpose

ex. smoothing your hair

Front 78

Emblem

Back 78

kinesic movement that will represent specific verbal meanings

ex. flipping someone off

Front 79

Intimacy

Back 79

a feeling of closeness and "union" that exists between us and our relationship partners

Front 80

Submissiveness

Back 80

the willingness to allow others to exert power over you, demonstrated by gestures such as shrinking posture or lowered eye gaze.

Front 81

Immediacy

Back 81

as expressed in your posture, the degree to which you find someone interesting and attractive

Front 82

Power

Back 82

the ability to influence or control events and people

Front 83

Weakness

Back 83

a quality or feature regarded as a disadvantage or fault.

Front 84

Speech Acts

Back 84

-representative

-declarative

-directive

-commissive

-expressive

Front 85

Representative

Back 85

Commits the speaker to the truth of what has been said

-assertions, conclusions

Front 86

Directive

Back 86

Attempts to get listeners o do things

-questions, requests, commands

Front 87

Commissive

Back 87

Commits speakers to future action

-promises, threats

Front 88

Expressive

Back 88

Conveys a psychological or emotional state that the speaker is experiencing

-thanks, apologies, congratulations

Front 89

Declarative

Back 89

Produce dramatic, observable effects

-Marriage Pronouncements, firing declarations

Front 90

Kitchen-sinking

Back 90

a response to a conflict in which combatants hurl insults and accusations at each other that have very little to do with the original disagreement.

Front 91

Sniping

Back 91

a way of avoiding conflict by communicating in a negative fashion and then abandoning the encounter by physically leaving the scene or refusing to interact further.

Front 92

Skirting

Back 92

a way of avoiding conflict by changing the topic or joking about it

Front 93

Complementary Relationships

Back 93

relationships characterized by an unique balance of power

Front 94

Symmetrical relationships

Back 94

Relationships characterized by an equal balance of power

Front 95

Types of currency

Back 95

a resource that other people value

-Resource

-Expertise

-Social Networks

-Personal

-Intimacy

Front 96

Resource Currency

Back 96

includes material things such as money, property, and food

Front 97

Expertise Currency

Back 97

comprise special skills or knowledge

Front 98

Social Network Currency

Back 98

a person who is linked with a network of friends, family, and acquaintances with substantial influence

Front 99

Personal Currency

Back 99

personal characteristics-beaut, intelligence, charisma, communication skill, sense of humor- that people consider desirable

Front 100

Intimacy Currency

Back 100

when you share a close bond with someone that no one else shares

Front 101

Conflict Management Styles

Back 101

-Accommodation

-Compromise

-Competition

-Collaboration

-Avoidance

-Withdrawal

Front 102

Accommodation

Back 102

a way of handling conflict in which one person abandons his or her goals for the goals of another

Front 103

Avoidance

Back 103

a way of handling conflict by ignoring, pretending it really isn't happening, or communicating indirectly about the situation

Front 104

Collaboration

Back 104

a way of handling a conflict by treating it as a mutual problem-solving challenge.

Front 105

Compromise

Back 105

When, during a conflict, both parties change their goals to make them compatible

Front 106

Competition

Back 106

A way of handling a conflict by an open and clear discussion of the goal clash that exists and the pursuit of one's own goals without the regard for other's goals.

Front 107

Cumulative Annoyance

Back 107

a buildup of repressed irritations that grows as the mental list of grievances we have against our partner grows.

Front 108

Power distance

Back 108

the degree to which people in a culture view the unequal distribution of power as acceptable.

Front 109

High-power Distance

Back 109

considered normal and even desirable to be for people of different social and professional status to be widely separated in terms of their power

Front 110

Low-power Distance

Back 110

people in high-status positions strive to minimize the differences between themselves and the lower-status person

Front 111

Pseudo-conflict

Back 111

a mistaken perception that a conflict exists when it doesn't.

Front 112

Separation

Back 112

a sudden withdrawal of one person from a situation during a conflict

Front 113

Integrative Agreements

Back 113

when, during a conflict, the two sides preserve and attain their goals by developing a creative solution to their problems.