Interplay Ch. 5-8 Exam

Front 1

time devoted to communication activities

Back 1

speaking 16.1%

reading 17.1%

interpersonal listening 27.5%

media listening 27.9%

writing 11.4%

Front 2

define interpersonal listening

Back 2

process of receiving and responding to other's messages

Front 3

define hearing

Back 3

process in which sound waves strike the eardrum and cause vibrations that are transmitted to the brain

Front 4

what is mindless listening?

Back 4

reacting to others' messages automatically and routinely without much mental involvement

Front 5

what is mindful listening?

Back 5

giving careful and thoughtful attention and responses to the messages we receive

Front 6

what Chinese characters make up the verb "to listen"

Back 6

ear, eyes, heart, undivided attention

Front 7

4 reasons for listening

Back 7

To understand, evaluate, build and maintain relationships, help others

Front 8

define listening fidelity

Back 8

the degree of congruence between what a listener understands and what the message-sender was attempting to communicate.

Front 9

To evaluate as a type of listening

Back 9

critical listening

Front 10

4 reasons why listening is not easy

Back 10

info overload, personal concerns, rapid thought, noise,

Front 11

define pseudolistening

Back 11

when you look like you are attentive: you look the speaker in the eye, you nod and smile, but your mind is elsewhere

Front 12

stage hogging

Back 12

when people are interested only in expressing their ideas and don't care about what anyone else had to say.also referred to as conversational narcissism

Front 13

what is selective listening?

Back 13

when people respond only to the parts of a speaker's remarks that interest them, rejecting everything else

Front 14

what is meant by "filling in the gaps"

Back 14

a listening habit that involves adding details never mentioned by a speaker to complete a message

Front 15

what is insulated listening?

Back 15

almost the opposite of selective listening. Instead of looking for something, these listeners avoid it. If a topic arises that they don't want to deal with they fail to hear or acknowledge it

Front 16

what is defensive listening?

Back 16

when the listener takes innocent comments as personal attacks

Front 17

what is ambushing?

Back 17

when a listener listens carefully only to collect information that will be used to attack what is being said

Front 18

components of mindful listening

Back 18

hearing, attending, understanding, remembering, and responding

Front 19

define attending

Back 19

a phase of the listening process in which the communicator focuses on a message, excluding other messages

Front 20

define understanding

Back 20

when the listener attaches meaning to a message

Front 21

what is remembering?

Back 21

the ability to recall information once we've understood it

Front 22

responding

Back 22

giving observable feedback to the speaker.

Front 23

8 types of listening responses from more reflective, less directive, to less reflective, more directive

Back 23

silent listening, questioning, paraphrasing, emphasizing, supporting, analyzing, evaluating, advising

Front 24

silent listening

Back 24

staying attentive and nonverbally responsive without offering any verbal feedback

Front 25

questioning

Back 25

regarded as "the most popular piece of languagewhen the listener asks the speaker for additional information

Front 26

5 reasons to ask sincere, nonderective questions

Back 26

clarify meaning, learn about others' thoughts, feelings, and wants, to encourage elaboration, discovery, and to gather more facts and details

Front 27

sincere questions

Back 27

aimed at understanding others

Front 28

counterfeit questions

Back 28

disguised attempts to send a message, not receive one

Front 29

5 varieties of counterfeit questions

Back 29

questions that: trap the speaker, make statements, carry hidden agendas, seek "correct" answers, are bases on unchecked assumptions

Front 30

paraphrasing

Back 30

feedback that restates, in the listener's own words, what he thought the speaker sent

Front 31

paraphrasing factual vs personal information

Back 31

factual info is easier to paraphrase than personal (thoughts, feelings, and wants of others')info

Front 32

emphasizing

Back 32

a response style you use when you want to show that you identify with a speaker

Front 33

examples of emphasizing

Back 33

wow, ouch, uh-huh, I see, whew, I can see that really hurts, looks like that really made your day

Front 34

supporting responses

Back 34

reveal the listener's solidarity with the speaker's situation

Front 35

5 types of supportive responses

Back 35

agreement, offers to help, praise, reassurance, diversion

Front 36

analyzing

Back 36

offering an interpretation of a speaker's message

Front 37

evaluating

Back 37

appraising the sender's thoughts or behaviors either favorably or unfavorably

Front 38

advising

Back 38

giving advice in response to the message sent by the speaker

Front 39

emotional intelligence

Back 39

a term coined by Daniel Goleman to describe the ability to understand and manage one's own emotions and to be sensitive to others' feelings

Front 40

cognitive interpretations

Back 40

the mind plays an important role in how we feel. the body experiences similar physical conditions when in an emotionally positive or negative state

Front 41

6 influences of emotional expression

Back 41

personality, culture, gender, social conventions and roles, fear of self-disclosure, emotional contagion

Front 42

the U.S. is internationally known as a what?

Back 42

"culture of cheerfulness"

Front 43

women are more likely to be emotionally ________ than men

Back 43

expressive

Front 44

Emotion Labor

Back 44

Managing and even suppressing emotions when it is both appropriate and necessary to do so.

Front 45

emotional contagion

Back 45

the process by which emotions are transferred from one person to another

Front 46

Guidelines for Expressing Emotions

Back 46

Recognize your feelingsChoose the best languageShare multiple feelingsRecognize the difference between feeling and actingAccept responsibility for your feelingsChoose the best time and place to express your feelings

Front 47

facilitative emotions

Back 47

emotions that contribute to effective functioning

Front 48

debilitative emotions

Back 48

emotions of high intensity and long duration that prevent a person from functioning effectively

Front 49

communication apprehension

Back 49

feelings of anxiety that plague some people at the prospect of communicating in an unfamiliar or difficult context

Front 50

rumination

Back 50

recurrent thoughts not demanded by the immediate environment

Front 51

self-talk

Back 51

nonvocal, internal monologue that is our process of thinking

Front 52

fallacy of perfection

Back 52

irrational belief that a worthwhile communicator should be able to handle every situation with complete confidence and skill

Front 53

fallacy of approval

Back 53

irrational belief that it is vital to win the approval of virtually every person with whom a communicator interacts

Front 54

fallacy of should

Back 54

irrational belief that people should behave in the most desirable way

Front 55

3 bad consequences yielded from obsessing over shoulds

Back 55

Unnecessary unhappinessKeeps you from changing unsatisfying conditionsTends to build a defensive climate in others

Front 56

fallacy of overgeneralization

Back 56

irrational beliefs in which (1) conclusions (usually negative) are based on limited evidence or (2) communicators exaggerate their shortcomings.

Front 57

fallacy of causation

Back 57

irrational beliefs that emotions are caused by others and not by the person who has them.

Front 58

fallacy of helplessness

Back 58

irrational belief that satisfaction in life is determined by forces beyond on's control.

Front 59

fallacy of catastrophic expectatioins

Back 59

irrational belief that the worst possible outcome will probably occur

Front 60

4 steps to manage debilitative emotions

Back 60

Monitor your emotional reactionsNote the Activating EventRecord your self-talkDispute your irrational beliefs

Front 61

2 key characteristics of debilitating emotions

Back 61

intensity (they are too intense) and duration (they last too long)

Front 62

reappraisal

Back 62

rethinking the meaning of emotionally charged events in ways that alter their emotional impact

Front 63

The Nature of Language

Back 63

Symbolic
Rule Governed
Subjective
Worldview

Front 64

Language is symbolic

Back 64

Words are arbitrary symbols that have no meaning

Front 65

Phonological Rules

Back 65

Rules governing the way in which sounds are pronounced in a language.

Front 66

Syntactic Rules

Back 66

Rules that govern the ways symbols can be arranged as opposed to the meanings of those symbols.

Front 67

Semantic Rules

Back 67

Governs meaning of language as opposed to its structure.

Front 68

Pragmatic Rules

Back 68

Rules that govern interpretation of language in terms of its social context.

Front 69

Ogden and Richards' Triangle of Meaning

Back 69

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Front 70

Linguistic Relativism

Back 70

The notion that the language individuals use exerts a strong influence on their perceptions.

Front 71

Sapir–Whorf Hypothesis

Back 71

The best–known declaration of LINGUISTIC RELATIVISM formulated by Benjamin Whorf and Edward Sapir.

Front 72

The Impact of Language

Back 72

Naming and Identity
Affiliation
Power
Sexism and Racism

Front 73

Convergence

Back 73

The process of adapting one's speech style to match that of others with whom one wants to identify.

Front 74

Divergence

Back 74

Speaking in a way that emphasizes difference from others

Front 75

Powerless speech mannerisms

Back 75

Forms of speech that communicate to others a lack of power in the speaker: hedges hesitations intensifiers and so on.

Front 76

Racist language

Back 76

Language that classifies members of one racial group as superior and others as inferior.

Front 77

Sexists language

Back 77

Words phrases and expressions that unnecessarily differentiate between females and males or exclude trivialize or diminish either sex.

Front 78

Uses (and Abuses) of Language

Back 78

Precision and Vagueness
The Language of Responsibility
Disruptive Language

Front 79

Ambiguous Language

Back 79

Consists of words and phrases that have more than one commonly accepted definition

Front 80

Abstractions

Back 80

Convenient ways of generalizing about similarities between several objects people ideas or events

Front 81

Abstraction Ladder

Back 81

A range of more abstract to less abstract terms describing an event or object. //fce-study.netdna-ssl.com/2/images/upload-flashcards/77/89/49/6778949_m.jpeg

Front 82

Euphemism

Back 82

A pleasant term substituted for a blunt one in order to soften the impact of unpleasant information.

Front 83

Relative Language

Back 83

gains meaning by comparison

Front 84

Static Evaluation

Back 84

Treating people or objects as if they were unchanging.

Front 85

The Language of Responsibility

Back 85

It Statements
But Statements
I You and We

Front 86

"It" statement

Back 86

A statement in which "it" replaces the personal pronoun "I" making the statement less direct and more evasive.

Front 87

"I" language

Back 87

A statement that describes the speaker's reaction to another person's behavior without making judgments about its worth.

Front 88

"But" statement

Back 88

A statement in which the second half cancels the meaning of the first for example "I'd like to help you but I have to go or I'll miss my bus."

Front 89

"You" language

Back 89

A statement that expresses or implies a judgment of the other person.

Front 90

Assertiveness

Back 90

Clearly and directly expressing one's thoughts feelings and wants to another person.

Front 91

"We" language

Back 91

The use of first–person–plural pronouns to include others either appropriately or inappropriately. Language implying that the issue being discussed is the concern and responsibility of both the speaker and the receiver of a message.

Front 92

Factual Statements

Back 92

Claims that can be verified as true or false

Front 93

Opinion Statements

Back 93

Based on the speakers beliefs

Front 94

Inferential Statement

Back 94

A statement based on an interpretation of evidence

Front 95

Evaluative Language

Back 95

Language that conveys the sender's attitude rather than simply offering an objective description.

Front 96

Gender and Language

Back 96

Extent of Gender Differences
Accounting and for Gender Differences

Front 97

Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication

Back 97

All behavior has communicative value
Nnvrbl Comm. is primarily relational
Nnvrbl comm. is ambiguous
Nnvrbl comm. is influenced by culture and gender

Front 98

Nonverbal Communication

Back 98

messages expressed by nonlinguistic means

Front 99

Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication

Back 99

Often unconscious
Usually relational
Inherently ambiguous
Primarily shaped by biology
Continuous
Multichanneled

Front 100

Emblems

Back 100

Deliberate nonverbal behaviors with precise meanings known to virtually all members of a cultural group.
Or nonverbal behaviors that are culturally understood substitutes for verbal expressions.

Front 101

Functions of Nonverbal Communication

Back 101

Creating and maintaining relationships
Regulating interaction
Influencing others
Concealing/Deceiving
Managing Identity

Front 102

Regulators

Back 102

cues that help control verbal interaction

Front 103

Examples of interaction regulators

Back 103

Vocal intonations drawls on the last syllable drop in pitch or loudness when speaking a common expression like "you know."
Eye contact – speaker usually makes less until he is ready for a response which is signaled by a "gaze window"

Front 104

Examples of behaviors that influence others

Back 104

Direct eye contact

wear spiffy clothes

use open body postures

touch the listener

be friendly and upbeat.

Front 105

What are the 3 findings in "Deception Detection 101" by Burgoon and Levine?

Back 105

We are accurate in detecting deception only slightly more than half the time.
We overestimate our abilities to detect others' lies.
We have a strong tendency to judge others' messages as truthful.

Front 106

Categories of managing identity nonverbally per Metts and Grohskopf

Back 106

Manner–how we act
Appearance–how we dress look smell
Setting–physical items we're surrounded by

Front 107

Types of Nonverbal Communication

Back 107

Body movement
Touch Voice Distance
Territoriality
Time
Physical attractiveness
Clothing
Physical Environment

Front 108

Examples of body movement

Back 108

Face and eyes posture gestures

Front 109

KINESICS

Back 109

the study of body movements

Front 110

Manipulators

Back 110

Movements in which one part of the body grooms massages rubs holds fidgets with pinches picks or otherwise manipulates another part.

Front 111

Haptics

Back 111

the study of touch in human communication

Front 112

Paralanguage

Back 112

Nonlinguistic means of vocal expression for example rate pitch and tone.
Or a term to describe the way a message is spoken.

Front 113

Disfluencies

Back 113

Nonlinguistic verbalizations for example um er ah.

Front 114

Types of pauses in paralinguistic communication

Back 114

unintentional and vocalized (disfluencies)

Front 115

Types of Distance

Back 115

Intimate Personal Social Public

Front 116

Proxemics

Back 116

The study of how people use space.

Front 117

Personal Space

Back 117

The distance we put between ourselves and others.

Front 118

Intimate Distance

Back 118

One of Hall's four distance zones ranging from skin contact to 18 inches

Front 119

Personal Distance

Back 119

One of Hall's four distance zones ranging from 18 inches to 4 feet

Front 120

Social Distance

Back 120

One of Hall's four distance zones ranging from 4 to 12 feet.

Front 121

Public Distance

Back 121

One of Hall's four distance zones extending outward from 12 feet.

Front 122

Territory

Back 122

a stationary area claimed by a person or animal

Front 123

Chronemics

Back 123

The study of how people use and structure time

Front 124

Messages clothing conveys

Back 124

Economic/Education level
trustworthiness
social position
level of sophistication
economic/social/educational background
level of success
moral character