Interplay: The Process Of Interpersonal Communication Ch. 5-6

Front 1

The Nature of Language

Back 1

Symbolic
Rule Governed
Subjective
Worldview

Front 2

Language is symbolic

Back 2

Words are arbitrary symbols that have no meaning

Front 3

Phonological Rules

Back 3

Rules governing the way in which sounds are pronounced in a language.

Front 4

Syntactic Rules

Back 4

Rules that govern the ways symbols can be arranged, as opposed to the meanings of those symbols.

Front 5

Semantic Rules

Back 5

Governs meaning of language, as opposed to its structure.

Front 6

Pragmatic Rules

Back 6

Rules that govern interpretation of language in terms of its social context.

Front 7

Ogden and Richards' Triangle of Meaning

Back 7

Front 8

Linguistic Relativism

Back 8

The notion that the language individuals use exerts a strong influence on their perceptions.

Front 9

Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

Back 9

The best-known declaration of LINGUISTIC RELATIVISM, formulated by Benjamin Whorf and Edward Sapir.

Front 10

The Impact of Language

Back 10

Naming and Identity
Affiliation
Power
Sexism and Racism

Front 11

Convergence

Back 11

The process of adapting one's speech style to match that of others with whom one wants to identify.

Front 12

Divergence

Back 12

Speaking in a way that emphasizes difference from others

Front 13

Powerless speech mannerisms

Back 13

Forms of speech that communicate to others a lack of power in the speaker: hedges, hesitations, intensifiers, and so on.

Front 14

Racist language

Back 14

Language that classifies members of one racial group as superior and others as inferior.

Front 15

Sexists language

Back 15

Words, phrases, and expressions that unnecessarily differentiate between females and males or exclude, trivialize, or diminish either sex.

Front 16

Uses (and Abuses) of Language

Back 16

Precision and Vagueness
The Language of Responsibility
Disruptive Language

Front 17

Ambiguous Language

Back 17

Consists of words and phrases that have more than one commonly accepted definition

Front 18

Abstractions

Back 18

Convenient ways of generalizing about similarities between several objects, people, ideas, or events

Front 19

Abstraction Ladder

Back 19

A range of more abstract to less abstract terms describing an event or object.

Front 20

Euphemism

Back 20

A pleasant term substituted for a blunt one in order to soften the impact of unpleasant information.

Front 21

Relative Language

Back 21

gains meaning by comparison

Front 22

Static Evaluation

Back 22

Treating people or objects as if they were unchanging.

Front 23

The Language of Responsibility

Back 23

It Statements
But Statements
I You and We

Front 24

"It" statement

Back 24

A statement in which "it" replaces the personal pronoun "I," making the statement less direct and more evasive.

Front 25

"I" language

Back 25

A statement that describes the speaker's reaction to another person's behavior without making judgments about its worth.

Front 26

"But" statement

Back 26

A statement in which the second half cancels the meaning of the first, for example, "I'd like to help you, but I have to go or I'll miss my bus."

Front 27

"You" language

Back 27

A statement that expresses or implies a judgment of the other person.

Front 28

Assertiveness

Back 28

Clearly and directly expressing one's thoughts, feelings, and wants to another person.

Front 29

"We" language

Back 29

The use of first-person-plural pronouns to include others, either appropriately or inappropriately. Language implying that the issue being discussed is the concern and responsibility of both the speaker and the receiver of a message.

Front 30

Factual Statements

Back 30

Claims that can be verified as true or false

Front 31

Opinion Statements

Back 31

Based on the speakers beliefs

Front 32

Inferential Statement

Back 32

A statement based on an interpretation of evidence

Front 33

Evaluative Language

Back 33

Language that conveys the sender's attitude rather than simply offering an objective description.

Front 34

Gender and Language

Back 34

Extent of Gender Differences
Accounting and for Gender Differences

Front 35

Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication

Back 35

All behavior has communicative value

Nnvrbl Comm. is primarily relational

Nnvrbl comm. is ambiguous

Nnvrbl comm. is influenced by culture and gender

Front 36

Nonverbal Communication

Back 36

messages expressed by nonlinguistic means

Front 37

Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication

Back 37

Often unconscious

Usually relational

Inherently ambiguous

Primarily shaped by biology

Continuous

Multichanneled

Front 38

Emblems

Back 38

Deliberate nonverbal behaviors with precise meanings, known to virtually all members of a cultural group.

Or, nonverbal behaviors that are culturally understood substitutes for verbal expressions.

Front 39

Functions of Nonverbal Communication

Back 39

Creating and maintaining relationships

Regulating interaction

Influencing others

Concealing/Deceiving

Managing Identity

Front 40

Regulators

Back 40

cues that help control verbal interaction

Front 41

Examples of interaction regulators

Back 41

Vocal intonations, drawls on the last syllable, drop in pitch or loudness when speaking a common expression like "you know."

Eye contact - speaker usually makes less until he is ready for a response which is signaled by a "gaze window"

Front 42

Examples of behaviors that influence others

Back 42

Direct eye contact, wear spiffy clothes, use open body postures, touch the listener, be friendly and upbeat.

Front 43

What are the 3 findings in "Deception Detection 101" by Burgoon and Levine?

Back 43

We are accurate in detecting deception only slightly more than half the time.

We overestimate our abilities to detect others' lies.

We have a strong tendency to judge others' messages as truthful.

Front 44

Categories of managing identity nonverbally per Metts and Grohskopf

Back 44

Manner-how we act

Appearance-how we dress, look, smell

Setting-physical items we're surrounded by

Front 45

Types of Nonverbal Communication

Back 45

Body movement

Touch, Voice, Distance

Territoriality

Time

Physical attractiveness

Clothing

Physical Environment

Front 46

Examples of body movement

Back 46

Face and eyes, posture, gestures

Front 47

KINESICS

Back 47

the study of body movements

Front 48

Manipulators

Back 48

Movements in which one part of the body grooms, massages, rubs, holds, fidgets with, pinches, picks, or otherwise manipulates another part.

Front 49

Haptics

Back 49

the study of touch in human communication

Front 50

Paralanguage

Back 50

Nonlinguistic means of vocal expression, for example, rate, pitch, and tone.

Or, a term to describe the way a message is spoken.

Front 51

Disfluencies

Back 51

Nonlinguistic verbalizations, for example, um, er, ah.

Front 52

Types of pauses in paralinguistic communication

Back 52

unintentional and vocalized (disfluencies)

Front 53

Types of Distance

Back 53

Intimate, Personal, Social, Public

Front 54

Proxemics

Back 54

The study of how people use space.

Front 55

Personal Space

Back 55

The distance we put between ourselves and others.

Front 56

Intimate Distance

Back 56

One of Hall's four distance zones, ranging from skin contact to 18 inches

Front 57

Personal Distance

Back 57

One of Hall's four distance zones, ranging from 18 inches to 4 feet

Front 58

Social Distance

Back 58

One of Hall's four distance zones, ranging from 4 to 12 feet.

Front 59

Public Distance

Back 59

One of Hall's four distance zones, extending outward from 12 feet.

Front 60

Territory

Back 60

a stationary area claimed by a person or animal

Front 61

Chronemics

Back 61

The study of how people use and structure time

Front 62

Messages clothing conveys

Back 62

Economic/Education level, trustworthiness, social position, level of sophistication, economic/social/educational background, level of success, moral character