Chapters 1-3 Sociology

Front 1

Phrnotype

Back 1

The study of observable anatomical features of an organisation

Front 2

Genotype

Back 2

Represents the internal physiological traits.

Front 3

Polygenism

Back 3

The belief that humans evolved independently from seperate species of apes

Front 4

Monogenism

Back 4

That humans evolved from a single origin.

Front 5

What are the peoblems with the concept of race?

Back 5

1. No pure races.

2. All of humanity belongs to a single species.

3. No definitions of race.

Front 6

Natural selection

Back 6

Features that allowed people to live longer. Hence, enabeling people with those features to live longer and procreate.

Front 7

Sexual selection

Back 7

People choose their prospective mates based off of beauty standards of a particular culture. As a consequence, people choose similar mates and procreate similar offspring.

Front 8

Reproductive isolation

Back 8

Through migration, human populations become isolated from other groups for long periods of time.

Front 9

Racism

Back 9

The belief that one group of peopl is superior to another bcause of genetic, biological or cultural differences

Front 10

Rcialization

Back 10

extending racial meanings to a relationship, social practice, or group that had not been previously associated with race

Front 11

What are people of color/non-Caucasian people often referred to as?

Back 11

racialized people

Front 12

Ethnic group

Back 12

they recognize themselves and others as a distinct group based on social or cultural characteristics or a common national origin rather than physical characteristics.

Front 13

symbolic ethnicity

Back 13

identifying with an ethnic group without suffering any negative effects (ex. people can identify with their historical culture of being Irish on st-patrics day, but can discard them the next day)

Front 14

Multiculturalism

Back 14

promotes pluralism and encourages the maintenance of the ethnic and cultural identities of all Canadians

Front 15

craniometry

Back 15

measuring of skulls as a way to classify people according to race, sex or body type.

Front 16

eugenics

Back 16

the practice of selective breeding to improve the racial quality of future generations.

Front 17

one drop rule

Back 17

define a person as black if he or she has any African ancestry.

Front 18

Hypodescent

Back 18

when a child of mixed heritage is automatically given the status of the parent with the lower racial staus

Front 19

racial profiling

Back 19

refers to the use of an individual's race or ethnicity in assessing criminal intent

Front 20

Ethnicity

Back 20

shared culture or common national origin

Front 21

race

Back 21

based on culturally defined physical characteristics

Front 22

ethnic group

Back 22

is a collection of people who share a common culture or national origin and is distinguishable within a larger society

Front 23

Shared cultural traits

Back 23

Ethnic group members share a culture, or at least one or a few cultural traits they deem to be important that hold them together as a group

Front 24

sense of community

Back 24

the feeling of "we"

Front 25

endogamy

Back 25

marriage within the group

Front 26

exogamy

Back 26

marriage outside the group

Front 27

Ethnocentrism

Back 27

the tendency of judging other cultures by one's own cultural standards or values which leads to the view that his/her own culture is superior than other cultures.

Front 28

Ethnocentrism

Back 28

is the tendency of judging other cultures by one's own cultural standards or values which leads to the view that his/her own culture is superior than other cultures.

Front 29

social darwinism

Back 29

inequalities that existed between the rich and the poor, between peoples of different culture and race, were the direct result of evolutionary processes

Front 30

scientific racism

Back 30

refers to attempts to "prove" racial hierarchy with so called scientific measures

Front 31

blood quantum

Back 31

the percentage of a person's heritage according to racial composition

Front 32

Hyphenated canadians

Back 32

largely ethnic and racial minorities and immigrants who identify themselves in terms of both their ethnic origin and their citizenship or nationaliry

Front 33

ethnic collectivities

Back 33

people live in a distinct culture are aware of themselves as a unit and are recognized as a unit by outsiders and the members have high rate of interaction within the group

Front 34

ethnic categories

Back 34

merely grouping of people with one or a few common characteristics but with little group solidarity and very little interaction within the group

Front 35

dominant group

Back 35

the collection of people who have more power to have control over their own lives; have better access to the societal resources and political power and they define the culture and the values of the society

Front 36

segregation

Back 36

happens when ethnic groups are not only culturally distinguishable, they are territorially and institutionally segregated and unequal in power.

Front 37

Prejudice

Back 37

a negative attitude based on (so not a belief) based on preconceived notions about enferiority of other group members (gender groups, religious groups, racial or ethnic groups, etc.)

Front 38

What are the 4 characteristics of prejudice

Back 38

-categorical

irrational and inflexible

stereotypes

social distance