Chapter 9 Vocabulary (Fundamentals Of Genetics)

Front 1

trait

Back 1

in genetics, a category within which alternate characteristics, such as height
and eye color, can be observed

Front 2

dihybrid cross

Back 2

a cross between individuals that involves the pairing of
contrasting traits

Front 3

dominant

Back 3

referring to an allele that masks the presence of another allele for the
same characteristic

Front 4

F generation
1

Back 4

the offspring of cross-pollinated P1 generation plants

Front 5

F generation
2

Back 5

the offspring of self-pollinated F1 generation plants

Front 6

genetics

Back 6

the field of biology devoted to understanding how traits are passed
from parents to offspring

Front 7

genotype

Back 7

the genetic makeup of an organism

Front 8

genotypic ratio

Back 8

the probable ratio of genotypes produced by a cross

Front 9

heredity

Back 9

the transmission of traits from parents to their offspring

Front 10

heterozygous

Back 10

referring to a gene pair in which the two alleles do not code for
the same trait

Front 11

homozygous

Back 11

referring to a gene pair in which the two alleles code for the same
trait

Front 12

incomplete dominance

Back 12

an inheritance relationship that occurs when both
alleles influence the phenotype

Front 13

law of independent assortment

Back 13

law stating that pairs of genes separate
independently of one another in meiosis

Front 14

law of segregation

Back 14

law stating that pairs of genes separate in meiosis and each
gamete receives one gene of a pair

Front 15

molecular genetics

Back 15

the study of the structure and function of chromosomes
and genes

Front 16

monohybrid cross

Back 16

a cross between individuals that involves one pair of
contrasting traits

Front 17

P
1

Back 17

a strain obtained through self-pollination

Front 18

phenotype

Back 18

the external appearance of an organism that is determined by the
individuals genotype

Front 19

phenotype frequency (phenotypic ratio)

Back 19

a ratio stating the number of times
a specific phenotype occurs in a population in a single generation

Front 20

pollination

Back 20

the transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma of a flower of the
same species

Front 21

probability

Back 21

the number of times an event is expected to happen divided by the
number of opportunities for an event to happen

Front 22

Punnett square

Back 22

a model used to establish the probabilities of the results of a
genetic cross

Front 23

pure

Back 23

ability to always pass on a specific trait to offspring

Front 24

recessive

Back 24

referring to an allele that is masked by the presence of another allele
for the same characteristic

Front 25

self-pollination

Back 25

pollination involving the same flower, flowers on the same
plant, or two genetically identical plants

Front 26

stigma

Back 26

an expanded apex of a pistil, supported by the style; the part of the pistil
that receives pollen; female reproductive parts of a flower

Front 27

strain

Back 27

denotes a plant that is pure for a certain trait

Front 28

testcross

Back 28

the crossing of an individual of unknown genotype with a
homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype

Front 29

allele-

Back 29

an alternative form of a gene

Front 30

anther

Back 30

the microsporangium of an angiosperm in which pollen grains are produced; the male reproductive organs of a flower

Front 31

codominance

Back 31

an inheritance relationship in which neither of 2 alleles of the same gene totally masks the other

Front 32

complete dominance

Back 32

an inheritance relationship in which one allele is completely dominant over the other; both Bb & BB have the same phenotype

Front 33

cross-polination

Back 33

a reproductive process in which pollen from 1 plant is transferred to the stigma of another plant