Chapter 9 Genetics + Inheritance

Front 1

Heredity

Back 1

the transmission of traits from one generation to the next

Front 2

Gregor Mendel worked in the ____.

Back 2

1860s

Front 3

Genes are ____.

Back 3

units of information about specific traits

Front 4

Alleles are a _____.

Back 4

different molecular form of a gene found on homologous chromosomes

Front 5

Monohybrid cross is ______.

Back 5

a cross between purebred parents that differ in only one character (AA x aa) = (Aa) F1 monohybrids
(Aa x Aa) = (AA, Aa, aa) F2 monohybrids

Front 6

Hybrids are _____.

Back 6

the offspring of two different purebred varieties

Front 7

Monohybrid cross ratio

Back 7

1:2:1

Front 8

Dihybrid ratio if both parents heterozygous

Back 8

9:3:3:1

Front 9

Phenotype >
Genotype >
Gamete >

Back 9

> Tall, short
>TtRr
>TR, Tr, tR, tr

Front 10

Incomplete Dominance
F1 plants will all be ____.
F2 plants will be _____ratio.

Back 10

pink
1:2:1

Front 11

In incomplete dom., phenotypic ratio = _______ ratio

Back 11

genotypic

Front 12

Incomplete Dominance in flowers means that red flower x white flower will =

Back 12

pink flower

Front 13

Co-dominant in flowers means that red flower x white flower =

Back 13

red flower with white spots

Front 14

Linked genes are inherited _____.

Back 14

together

Front 15

Recombinant phenotypes are from ________ _______.

Back 15

crossing over

Front 16

Autosomes are ____________.

Back 16

homologous chromosomes found in same length (22 pairs)

Front 17

Sex chromosomes are_____.

Back 17

Homologous chromosomes found in different lengths (1 pair)

Front 18

Dominant/recessive sex traits found in __ chromosome only

Back 18

X

Front 19

Autosomal Dominant Inheritance traits appear in ____ generation

Back 19

every

Front 20

Examples of Auto.Dom.Inheritance.

Back 20

Achondroplasia (Hom.=stillbirth)
Huntingtons Disease
Glaucoma

Front 21

Autosomal Dominant is ____ onset and there are no _____.

Back 21

adult; carriers

Front 22

Autosomal Recessive can ____ generations, parents can be ______or_____, is _____ onset.

Back 22

skip
carriers or affected
early

Front 23

Examples of Auto Rec.

Back 23

xeroderma pigmentosum
type 1 diabetes

Front 24

X-linked recessive shows in ___ more than ____, can only be inherited from ____.

Back 24

M; F
Mother

Front 25

Examples of X-linked rec.

Back 25

baldness
colorblindness
hemophilia
musc. dystrophy

Front 26

Testing for genetic disorders (3)

Back 26

Carrier screening
Parental diagnosis
Preimplantation diagnosis

Front 27

Parental diagnosis (4)

Back 27

-Amniocentesis (cells amniotic fluid)
-Chorionic villi sampling (cells Chor. villi)
-Fetoscopy (umbilical vein)
-Fetal cell sampling (fetal cells in mothers blood)

Front 28

Most changes in chromosome number are due to _______.

Back 28

nondisjunction

Front 29

nondisjunction occurs at__/__ and results in ___ or _____

Back 29

anaphase I or II
aneuploidy or polyploidy

Front 30

Nondisjx Anaphase I =

Back 30

all 4 gametes affected (1 extra or 1 less) polyploidy

Front 31

Nondisjx Anaphase II =

Back 31

2 gametes affected, either n+1 or n-1 (aneuploidy)

Front 32

Aneuploidy individuals have ___ or ____ chromosome

Back 32

one extra or one less

Front 33

Trisomy

Back 33

a person with an extra chromosome (2n+1);
Down syndrome, Klinefelter syn., XXY

Front 34

Monosomy

Back 34

a person with one less chromosome (2n-1)
Turner syndrome(XO)
YO: lethal

Front 35

Aneuploidy is a major cause of ______.

Back 35

Human reproductive failure/miscarriages

Front 36

Polyploidy

Back 36

Indiv have 3 or more of each type of chromosome (3n, 4n)

Front 37

Polyploidy is common in ____ and is _____ for humans

Back 37

flowers; lethal

Front 38

Down Syndrome- trisomy of chromosome # ____

Back 38

21

Front 39

Risk of Down syn. increases dramatically in mothers over ___yrs old

Back 39

35

Front 40

Turner syn. is inheritance of only one ___.

Back 40

X - (XO)

Front 41

98% of turner syn. are aborted, the survivors are ___, ____ _____.

Back 41

short, infertile females

Front 42

Klinefelter syndrome (XXY) results mainly from ____ in mother

Back 42

nondisjx

Front 43

Phenotype of XXY is ___ ____.

Back 43

tall males

Front 44

XXY produces males that are ____ with ____ traits.

Back 44

sterile, feminized

Front 45

Jacobs syndrome (XYY) produces ____ than avg males, can be ___ ____ with persistent ____.

Back 45

taller
mentally impaired
acne

Front 46

Duplication

Back 46

ABC DEFG
one segment repeats
ABC DE{DE}FG
may repeat multiple times
ABC DE{DE}{DE}FG

Front 47

Deletion

Back 47

ABC DEFG
loss of segment (lethal/serious disorder)
ABC FG

Front 48

Inversion

Back 48

ABC DEFG
A linear stretch of DNA is reversed w/in the chrom.
ABC GFED

Front 49

Translocation

Back 49

ABC DEF and GH IJKLM
segment is removed from one chrom. and placed in a nonhomologous chrom.
A DEF > GH IJ{BC}KLM

Front 50

Death will take place with which missing chrom?

Back 50

Y

Front 51

Which type of autosomal inheritance is early onset?

Back 51

recessive

Front 52

What type of dominance is blood?

Back 52

Co-dominant

Front 53

What type of dominance has a phenotypic ratio=genotypic ratio?

Back 53

incomplete

Front 54

What type of inheritance is Huntingtons disease?

Back 54

Autosomal dominant

Front 55

Nondisjx takes place during which phase?

Back 55

Anaphase