Chapter 9 Section 2

Front 1

Charles Martel

Back 1

Charlemagnes grandfather stopped the invading Muslims in France just 150 miles from the English Channel.

Front 2

What lands were included in the Carolingian Empire

Back 2

At its height, under Charlemagne, the empire included Gaul and parts of Germany and Italy.

Front 3

The Treaty of Verdun and 3 regions that were created by the treaty

Back 3

The empire was subdivided by Charlemagne’s grandsons in the Germanic tradition of splitting property between sons. West/French, Middle/Burgundy, East/Germany

Front 4

Vikings

Back 4

Sea raiders from Scandinavia who were a new threat to Western Europe, attacked England, France, and Spain

Front 5

Economic transformations of Western Europe that accompanied the new Germanic political order

Back 5

urban based civilization shrank, a decline in trade, and bartering replaced coin purchases

Front 6

Diet of Northern European countries

Back 6

beer, lard, butter, bread, pork

Front 7

Diet of Southern European countries (Roman)

Back 7

wheat, wine, olive oil

Front 8

Manors

Back 8

self sufficient farming estates (grew from the need of self sufficiency and defense)

Front 9

Serfs

Back 9

agricultural workers who belonged to the manor and the “Lord” who ran it.

Front 10

Feudalism

Back 10

land awarded for military service.(Complex network of relationships between landholding and the obligation to provide military service to a lord kings. Lords gave land to “vassels” in return form sworn military support.)

Front 11

Knight

Back 11

class of nobles that emerged as the central figure in medieval warfare.

Front 12

Fief

Back 12

a grant of land for a pledge to provide military service

Front 13

Vassals

Back 13

Given fief (land) in land return for military support

Front 14

Importance of marriage alliances in the Middle Ages

Back 14

women were pawns in marriage politics, A man who married a widow or daughter of a lord with no sons could gain control of a lord’s property.

Front 15

lord of a manor

Back 15

had almost unlimited power over his agricultural workers—the serfs