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15 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
Identify the concept of Individualism
humanism valuing the uniqueness, talents and rights of the individual which remains a central tenet in western civilization. (In Greece colonists and tyrants became a model of rugged individualism)
Pre-Socratic philosophers

philosophers before Socrates who challenged traditional religion and sought more rational explanations of how the world was created and why changes occur.

Historia
“investigation/research” technique used for by logographers (writers of prose) to collect, sort, and select information
Herodotus
father of history used technique of Historia and chronicled the Persian Wars published in his “Histories” thus originating western tradition of historical writing
Spartans
a polis located in the Peloponnese in southern Greece. To assure its supply of food, Sparta took over and enslaved the Messiaen. Fear of an uprising of their Messiaen slaves(helots) inspired the Spartans to create a highly militarized society in which all Spartan males, beginning at age 7, trained for the army and devoted their lives to the needs of the state. Metals and coins were banned and citizens could not engage in commerce. Sparta did not participate in economic, political and cultural renaissance taking place in the rest of Greece.
Athenians
They had an unusually large territory (Attica) that supported a population of about 300,000. Athens went through a period of rule by tyrants in the sixth century B.C.E. Because of fears of civil war Salon was appointed lawgiver who divided citizens into 4 classes based on yields of their farms. Top 3 classes could hold office bottom class could participate in the Assembly. Far from democratic but ended the monopoly of power of aristocratic families. In spite of this an aristocrat Pisistratus seized power but soon Athens ejected the tyrant family and developed a democracy. Pericles completed the transition to democracy in the 460s to 450s. Pericles transferred all power to the Assembly, the Council of 500, and the People’s Courts.
Pericles
Greek leader who guided the Athenian state through the transformation to full participatory democracy for all male citizens.

Persian Wars


Conflictsbetween the Greek City-states and the Persian Empire. Started with an Ionianrevolt which Persia was determined to crush.


Darius

Persian King sent Persian army to Greece. Defeated at Marathon by Greek hoplites.

Marathon

26 miles from Athens where the Greek hoplitesdefeated Persian troops sent by Darius


Xerxes

Persian King (Darius son) ledhuge Persian invasion into central and southern Greece. Spartan Hellenic Leaguefailed to stop the Persians at Thermopylae.Persians then seized Athens but when their navy was lured into Straits of Salamis the Persianssuffered a devastating defeat.

Thermopylae

Locationin central Greece where 300 Spartans and their king gave their lives to buytime for others when the Persians invaded.

Straits of Salamis

Narrow strait where Xerxes and the Persian navy was lured by theGreeks and suffered a defeat after theirvictory at Thermopylae.

Delian League

Voluntary alliance ofGreek states formed to drive Persia from the Mediterranean/ Aegean area andliberate Greek states under Persian control

Trireme

a sleek fast vessel powered by 170 rowers,became the premier warship in Greece. Possession and technology of their navy transformed Greeks military by allowing them to stay inbattle longer than with the militia which could only be kept in arms for shortperiods of time. Athens was able continually dominate and exploit inan unprecedented way.