Chapter 9, 10, 11 And 12 Psychology 241

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Puberty

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a period of rapid physical and sexual maturation that occurs mainly during early adolescence

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menarche

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a girls first menstruation

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hormones

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powerful chemical substances secreted by the endocrine glands and carried through the body by the bloodstream

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hypothalamus

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a structure in the higher portion of the brain that monitors eating and sex

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pituitary gland

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an important endocrine gland that controls growth and regulates other glands, including the gonads

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gonads

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the sex glands- the testes in males and the ovaries in females

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corpus callosum

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the location where fibers connect the brain's left and right hemispheres

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amygdala

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the region of the brain that is the seat of emotions

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STI

Back 9

infections contracted primarily through sexual contact, including oral- genitals and anal- genital contact

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anorexia nervousa

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an eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation

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bulimia nervosa

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an eating disorder in which the individual consistently follows a binge- and - purge pattern

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hypothetical- deductive reasoning

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Piaget's formal operational concept that adolescents have the cognitive ability to develop hypotheses or best guesses about ways to solve problems

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adolescent egocentrism

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the heightened self consciousness of adolescents

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imaginary audience

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involves adolescents' belief that others are as interested in them as they themselves are

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personal fable

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the part of adolescent egocentrism that involves an adolescent's sense of uniqueness and invincibility

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top dog phenomenon

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the circumstance of moving front he top position in elementary school to the lowest position in middle school or junior high

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service learning

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a form of education that promotes social responsibility and service to the community

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crisis

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Marcia's term for a period of identity development during which the adolescent is exploring alternatives

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commitment

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Marcia's term for the part of identity development in which adolescents show a personal investment in forming an identity

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identity diffusion

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Marcia's term for adolescents who have not yet experienced a crisis or made an commitments

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identity foreclosure

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Marcia's term for adolescents who have made a commitment but have not experienced a crisis

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identity moratorium

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Marcia's term for adolescents who are in the midst of a crisis but their commitments are either absent or vaguely defined

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identity achievement

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Marcia's term for adolescents who have undergone a crisis and have made a commitment

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ethnic identity

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and enduring basic aspect of the self that includes a sense of membership in an ethnic group and the attitudes and feelings related to that membership

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clique

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a small group that ranges from 2 to about 12 individuals, averaging about 5 or 6 individuals and often consists of adolescents who engage in similar activities

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Crowd

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a larger group structure than a clique a crowd is usually formed based on reputation and members may or may not spend much time together

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rite of passage

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a ceremony or ritual that marks an individual's transition from one status to another

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juvenile delinquent

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an adolescent who breaks the law or engages in behavior that is considered illegal

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emerging adulthood

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the transition from adolescence to adulthood which involves experimentation and exploration

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aerobic exercise

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sustained exercise that stimulates heart and lung activity swimming or jogging

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STIs

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diseases that are contracted primarily through sex

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rape

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forcible sexual intercourse with a person who does not consent to it

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date or acquaintance rape

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coercive sexual activity directed at someone with whom the perpetrator is at least causally acquainted

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post formal thought

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thinking that is reflective relativistic and contextual provisional realistic and influenced by emotions

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secure attachment style

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an attachment style that describes adults who have positive views of relationships find it easy to get close to others and are not overly concerned or stressed out about their romantic relationships

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avoid ant attachment style

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an attachment style that describes adults who are hesitant about getting involved in romantic relationships

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anxious attachment style

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an attachment style that describes adults who demand closeness are less trusting and are more emotional jealous and possessive

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romantic love

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also called passionate love or eros romantic love has strong sexual and infatuation components and often predominates in the early period of a love relationship

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affectionate love

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in this type of love, also called companionate love, an individual desires to have the other person near and has a deep caring affection for the other person

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rapport talk

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the language of conversation it is a way of establishing connections and negotiating relationships

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report talk

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talk that is designed to give information and includes public speaking