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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Seven Sins of Memory |
1) Transcience 2) Absent-mindedness 3) Blocking 4) Misattribution 5) Suggestibility 6) Bias 7) Persistence |
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Transcience |
Tendency to lose access to information across time, whether through forgetting, interference, or retrieval failures |
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Absent-Mindedness |
Everyday memory failures in remembering information and intended actvities, probably cause by insufficient attention or superficial, automatic processing during the encoding |
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Blocking |
Temporary retrieval failure or loss of access, such as the tip-of-the-tongue state, more common in older adults |
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Misattribution |
Remembering a fact correctly from past experience but attributing it to an incorrect source or content |
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Suggestibility |
Tendency to incorporate information provided by others into your own recollection and memory representation |
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Bias |
Tendency for knowledge, beliefs and feelings to distort recollection of previous experiences and to affect current and future judgements |
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Persistence |
Tendency to remember facts or events. Including traumatic memories, that one would rather forget, that is, failure to forget because of intrusive recollections and rumination |
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Hermann Ebbinghaus (1885) |
Emphasized learning in the laboratory under tightly controlled conditions
Tried to eliminate all meaning from his experiments (using nonsense syllables)
Bottom-up, episodic approach |
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Sir Frederick Bartlett (1932) |
Emphasized meaning by using real world text materials and stories
Top-down, semantic approach
Serial reproduction: transmit the material to someone else (telephone)
Found omissions in details and mood, rationalization, had a dominant detail, and transformed sequences and details |
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Bransford & Franks (1971) |
Revived Bartlett's approach but focused on how we comprehend; abstracting and integrating meaning
Study: Read 1-3 "ideas" sentences, then tested from 1-4 "ideas" sentences; rated recognition and confidence levels
Study: Read sentence with either "with" or "on" and had to find out whether "The fish swam under the turtles" |
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Bransford & Johnson (1973) |
Study: participants had a passage that describes an action; were either given a title or picture of the action before, after, or none.
Result: Title or picture only helped if given before the passage |
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Sulin & Dooling |
Participants saw either a fictitious or famous name in a passage; after they were asked to identify if sentence was from passage
Results: prior experience (Adolf Hitler)nprimed to recalling false information |
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Self- Relevance Effect: Rogers, Kulper & Kirker (1977) |
Subjects rated list of adjectives in terms of how descriptive they were of themselves; were then given surprise recall test for adjectives
Result: The more self-relevant the adjectives were rated, the better the recall |
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Prospective Memory |
Remembering to do something in the future |
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Reconstructive Memory |
The tendency in recall or recognition to include ideas or elements that were inferred or related to the original stimulus but were not part of the original stimulus itself |
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Semantic Integration |
The tendency to store related pieces of information into an integrated, unified representation |
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Technical Accuracy |
Accuracy in recall or recognition that is scored according to verbatim criteria; recalling or recognizing exactly what was experienced |
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Content Accuracy |
Accuracy in recall or recognition based on the content or meaning of the stimulus rather than the literal or verbatim stimulus that was presented; recalling or recognizing the meaning or content of what was experienced |
