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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cognitive Psychology |
The scientific study of human memory and mental processes, including activities such as perceiving, remembering, using language, reasoning, and solving problems |
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Intuitive Cognitive Analysis Process |
Sensory and perceptual > Memory and retrieval > Comprehension > Judgment and decision > Computational |
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Memory |
Mental process of acquiring and retaining information for later retrieval |
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Cognition |
The collection of mental processes and activities used in perceiving, remembering, thinking, and understanding, and the act of using those processes |
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Ecological Validity |
Principle that research must resemble the situations and characteristics of the real world, rather than rely on artificial laboratory settings and tasks, so that results will generalize to the real world |
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Analytic Approach |
The attempting to understand complex events by breaking them down into their components |
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Empiricism |
The philosophical position, originally from Aristotle, that advance observation-derived data as the basis for all science |
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Wilhelm Wundt |
Introspection: largely abandoned method of investigation in which subjects look inward and describe their mental processes and thoughts |
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Edward Titchener |
Structuralism: the approach in which the structure of the conscious mind was studied |
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Hermann Von Ebbinghaus |
Nonsense syllables experiment; forgetting curves |
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William James |
Functionalism: the functions of consciousness, rather than its structure were of interest (How does the mind function?,How does it adapt to new circumstances?) Proposed memory consists of two parts: 1) immediate memory, which we are aware of, and 2) a larger memory, usually hidden or passive, that is the repository of past experiences |
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John B. Watson & B.F. Skinner |
Behaviourism: Only stimuli and responses matter |
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Metatheory |
General theoretical framework consisting of the assumptions made by practitioners of a science that guide the research activities of those practitioners |
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Channel Capacity |
An early analogy for the limited capacity of the human information system |
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Short-Term Memory (STM) |
Memory component where current and recently attended information is held; sometimes loosely equated with attention and consciousness |
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Long-Term Memory |
An early analogy for the limited capacity of the human information- processing system |
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Encoding |
To input or take into memory, to convert a usable mental form to store into memory |
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Sequential Stages of Processing |
An assumption in most process models that the separate stages of processing occur in a fixed sequence, with no overlap of the stages |
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Parallel Processing |
Any mental processing in which two or more processes or operations occur simultaneously |
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Dissociation |
Pattern of abilities and performance, especially among brain-damaged patient, revealing that one cognitive process can be disrupted while another remains intact |