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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. Olfactory |
Purely sensory; the sense of smell. |
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2. Optic |
Purely sensory; vision. |
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3. Oculomotor |
Directs the eyeball, eyelid, and internal eye muscles. |
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4. Trochlear |
External eye muscles |
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5. Trigeminal |
Impulses from the skin of face , mucosa of nose , and mouth. Chewing muscles. |
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6. Abducens |
Lateral rectus muscle, rolls the eye laterally. |
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7. Facial |
Facial expressions, lacrimal and salivary glands. Also taste buds of anterior tongue. |
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8. Vestibulocochlear |
Vestibular- balance Cochlear- hearing |
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9. glossopharyngeal |
Swallowing and saliva production; taste buds of posterior tongue and pressure receptors of carotid artery. |
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11. accessory |
sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles |
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12. hypoglossal |
carry impulses from the tongue |
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neurons/nerve cells |
cells specialized to transmit messages major regions of neurons: -cell body- nucleus and metabolic center of the cell. |
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cell body |
nissal substance -specialized rough endoplasmic reticulum neurofibrils -intermediate cytoskeleton -maintains the cells shape nucleus nucleolus *processes outside the cell body -dendrites-conduct impulses to the cell body -axons-conduct impulses away from cell body |
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axons |
end in axon terminals *axonal terminals contain vessicles with neurotransmitters. *axonal terminals are separated from the next neuron by a gap. --- synaptic cleft is a gap bt. nerves. --- synapse is a junction bt. nerves. *myelin sheath- whitish, fatty material covering axons. *schwann cells- produce myelin sheeths in jelly-roll like fashion. *nodes of ranvier- gaps in myelin sheaths along the axon. |
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neuron cell body locations |
*most neuron cell bodies are found in the central nervous system. --gray matter- cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers. --nuclei- clusters of cell bodies within the white matter of the cns. *ganglia- collections of cell bodies outside the cns. |
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functional classifications of neurons |
-sensory (afferent) neurons- carry impulses from the sensory receptors to the cns. -motor (efferent) neurons- carry impulses from the central nervous system to viscera, muscles or glands. |
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interneurons/associated neurons |
-found in neural pathways in the central nervous system. -connect sensory and motor neurons. |
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structural classifications of neurons |
Multipolar neurons- many extensions from the cell body. Bipolar neurons- one axon and one dendrite. Unipolar neuron- have a short single processes leaving the cell body. |
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Functional properties of neurons |
Irritability - ability to respond to stimuli Conductivity - ability to transmit an impulse |
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Neuron impulses |
Resting neurons - the plasma membrane at rest is polarized - fewer positive ions are inside the cell than the outside Depolarized - a stimulus depolarizes the neurons membrane - a depolorized membrane allows sodium to flow inside the membrane. The exchange of ions imitated an action potietial in the neuron. |
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Nerve impulses pt. 2 |
Action potiential - if the action potiential starts, it is propagated over the entire axon. - impulses travel faster when fibers have a myelin sheath. Repolarization - potassium ions rush out of the neurons after the sodium ions rush in, which polarizes the membrane. - the sodium potassium pump, using atp, restores the original configuration. |
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The reflex arc |
Reflex- rapid, predicable and involuntary response to a stimulus. - occurs over pathways called reflex arcs. Reflex arc- direct route from a sensory neuron, to an inter neuron, to an effector |
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Types of reflexes and regulation |
Somatic reflexes -activation of skeletal muscles -example: when you move your hand away from a hot stove. Autonomic reflexes -smooth muscle regulation -heart and blood pressure regulation -regulation of glands -digestive system regulation |
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central nervous system |
-the cns develops from the embryonic neural tubes. *the neural tubes becomes the brain and spinal cord. *the opening of the neural tube becomes of ventricals. -four chambers within the brain. -filled with cerebral spinal fluid. |
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regions of the brain |
-cerebral hemispheres (cerebrum) -diencephalon -brain stem -cerebellum |
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cerebrum |
paired left and right includes more than half of the brain mass the surface is made of ridges (gyri) and grooves (sulci) Lobes of the cerebrum -frontal -parietal -occipital -temporal |
