The Nervous System

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Nervous system

Back 1

The master controlling and communicating system of the body

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Central nervous system (CNS)

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Consists of the brain and the spinal cord, which occupy the dorsal body cavity and act as the inter grating and command centers of the nervous system

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Sensory or afferent division

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Consists of nerves that convey impulses to the central nervous system from sensory receptors located in various parts of the body

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Olfactory 1

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Sensory motor only; sense and smell nose

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Optic 2

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Sensory only; movement of eyes blinking; vision

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Oculomotor 3

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Motor-supply muscles that direct the eyeball, to the eyelid, and control pupil size

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Trochlear 4

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Motor- external eye muscle; ability to follow moving objects

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Trigeminal 5

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Sensory- impulses from the skin of face and mucosa of the nose and mouth; motor- activated chewing muscle

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Abducens 6

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Motor- lateral rectus muscle; ability to move each eye laterally

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Facial 7

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Activates the muscles of fascial expression and the lacrimal and salivary glands; carry sensory impulses from the taste buds of anterior tongue

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Vestibulocochlear 8

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Sensory only vestibular branch transmit impulses for sense of balance, and cochlear branch transmit impulses for sense of hearing

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Glossopharyngeal 9

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Motor- gagging and swallowing sensory- carries impulses to the posterior tongue and from pressure receptors of the carotid artery

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Vagus 10

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Sensory- carry impulses from the pharynx, larynx, and the abdominal and thoracic viscera motor- carry to the pharynx and etc. also promote digestive activity and help regulate heart activity

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Accessory 11

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Misty motor- fibers that activate the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles; rotate head and shrug shoulders

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Hypoglossal 12

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Motor- control tongue movement sensory- carry impulses from the tongue; stick out tongue

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CNS- brain and spinal cord PNS- cranial and spinal nerves

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Name the structures that make up the CNS and those that make up the PNS

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Astrocytes

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Which glial cells are most abundant in the body?

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Oligodendrocytes

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Which produce the insulating material called myelin? Also wraps around nerve fibers in the central nervous system

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Glial never loses their ability to divide whereas neurons do.

Back 19

Why is a brain tumor more likely to be formed from glial cells than from neurons?

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A tract is a bundle of nerves in the Central Nervous System whole the nerve is a bundle of nerve fibers in the Peripheral Nervous System.

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How’s a tract different from a nerve?

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The ganglion is a cluster of nerve cells in the CNS and the nucleus is a cluster in the PNS.

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How does a ganglion differ from a nucleus?

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The dendrites

Back 22

Which part of a neuron conducts impulses toward the cell body?

Front 23

The grades potential is a local depolarization, while the action potential is an all or non response.

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What is the difference between a graded potential and an action potential?

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By the neurotransmitter bonding and a chemical release.

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How is a stimulus transmitted across a synapse?

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A rapid predictable, and involuntary response to a stimulus.

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What is a reflex?

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Dendrites

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Which portion of a neuron is likely to be associated with a sensory receptor or a sensory organ?

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Cerebral cortex, cerebral white matter, and the basal nuclei

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What are three major regions of the cerebrum?

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Myelinated nerve fibers

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What is the composition of white matter of the brain?

Front 29

Blood-brain barrier

Back 29

What is the name of the Barrie that protects the brain from toxic chemicals inside the body?

Front 30

Ventricles

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What name is given to the cerebrospinal fluid-filled cavities within the brain?

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Arachnoid mater

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Which meninges layer provides the means for draining cerebrospinal fluid back into the blood?

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10 million

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How many neurons are in the body ?

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Sensory input

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Gathering information (afferent) nerve fibers that carry information to the central nervous system; monitor changes outside and inside the body

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Sensory input

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Gathering information (afferent) nerve fibers that carry information to the central nervous system; monitor changes outside and inside the body

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Motor output

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A response to integrated stimuli the response activate muscles or glands (efferent) nerve fibers that carry impulses away from the central nervous system

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Somatic nervous system

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Voluntary

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Somatic nervous system

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Voluntary

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Automatic nervous system

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Involuntary

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Microglia

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Spider like phagocytes; dispose of debris

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Ependymal celld

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Line cavities of the brain and spinal cord; circulate cerebrospinal fluid

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Schwann cells

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Form myelin sheaths in the PNS

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Axons

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Conducts impulses away from the cel body

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Axon terminals

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Contain vesicles with neurotransmitters; are also separated from the next neuron by a gap

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Synapse

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Junction between nerves

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Synapse

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Junction between nerves

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Synaptic cleft

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Gap between adjacent neurons

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Node of ranvier

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Gaps in myelin sheath along the axon

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Gray matter

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Cell bodies and unmyelinated fibers

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Ganglia

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Collections of cell bodies outside the CNS

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Multipolar neurons

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Many extensions from the cell body

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Bipolar neuron

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One axon and one dendrite

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Bipolar neuron

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One axon and one dendrite

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Neuron

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Back (Definition)

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Difference between somatic and autonomic nervous system

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Back (Definition)

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Difference between somatic and autonomic nervous system

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Back (Definition)

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Parasympathetic

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Brain stem

Front 57

Difference between somatic and autonomic nervous system

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Back (Definition)

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Parasympathetic

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Brain stem

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Sympatheric

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T1 through L2 spinal cord

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Effects of the sympathetic and parasympathetic division

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Back (Definition)

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Meninges

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Back (Definition)

Front 62

Tracts

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Bundles of nerve fibers running through the CNS

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Action potential

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Back (Definition)