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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The Endocrine System is... |
The second messenger system of the body. |
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What does the Endocrine system use to send messages to the body? |
It uses chemical messengers (Hormones) |
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What major processes do hormones control? |
Reproduction Growth & Development Body Defense Homeostasis Metabolism |
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Hormones are produced by... |
Specialized cells |
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How are hormones transported? |
Blood transfers hormones to target sites. |
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What are hormones chemically classified as? |
Hormones are classified chemically as amino acid based, which includes Proteins Peptides Amines |
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Steroids are made from what? |
Steroids are made from cholesterol |
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What are prostaglandins? |
Highly active lipids |
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Hormones affect only... |
Certain tissues or organs (Target cells or target organs) |
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Target cells must have... |
Specific protein receptors |
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Hormone binding? |
Alters cellular activity |
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Effects caused by hormones... |
-Changes in plasma membrane permeability or electrical state. -Synthesis of proteins, such as enzymes -Activation or inactivation -Stimulation of mitosis -Promotion of secretary activity |
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Steps of direct gene activation? (Steroid) |
Diffuse through the plasma membrane of target cells. Enter the nucleus. Bind to a specific protein within the nucleus. Bind to specific sites on the cells dna. Activates genes. |
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What are hormone levels mostly maintained by? |
Negative feedback |
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What triggers the release of more hormone? |
A stimulus or low hormone levels in the blood. |
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When does hormone release stop? |
Once an appropriate level in the blood is released. |
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What are the major Endocrine organs? |
Pituitary gland Thyroid gland Parathyroid glands Adrenal glands Pineal glands Thymus glands Pancreas Gonads (ovaries & testes) Hypothalamus |
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What protects the pituitary gland? |
Sphenoid bone |
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What are the two functional lobes in the pituitary gland? |
Anterior pituitary Posterior pituitary |
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What kind of tissue is the anterior pituitary? |
Glandular tissue |
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What kind of tissue is in posterior pituitary? |
Nervous tissue |
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What is the pituitary gland often called? |
Master Endocrine gland |
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How many anterior pituitary hormones are there? |
There are six |
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What are non-Endocrine targets? |
Growth hormone Prolactin |
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Anterior pituitary hormones act through |
Second messenger system |
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What are some growth hormone disorders? |
Pituitary dwarfism Gigantism Acromegaly |
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What results from hyposecretion of GH during childhood? |
Pituitary dwarfism |
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What results from hypersecretion of Gh during childhood |
Gigantism |
