Chapter 6 The Skeletal System:

Front 1

Functions of bone

(5)

Back 1

•Supports & protects soft tissues

•attachment for muscles

•stores calcium &phosphate

•red bone marrow produces blood cells

•yellow bone marrow stores fat

Hint 1

Two things it does.

Two things it stores.

One thing it produces.

Front 2

Label. Towards the top of the figure is ?

Towards the bottom?

Back 2

•tissues consists of widely separated Cells surrounded by non-living matrix

Front 3

4 types of bone cells:

•______undifferentiated. Can divide, replace themselves, become osteoblasts (think generator)

•______For matrix and collagen fibers but can't divide.

•______mature cells that in a longer secrete matrix. (Retired)

•______huge cells.breakdown bone tissue.

Function and bought a reapply option (release calcium from bone). (Think calcium)

Back 3

Osteoprogenitor

Osteoblasts

Osteocytes

Osteoclast

Hint 3

All start with O. Two sound similar. Two different.

Front 4

Osteocytes communicate through tiny canals filled with extracellular fluid, which are called?

Back 4

Canaliculi

Front 5

Makes up the shaft of long bones and the external layers of all bones.

Back 5

Compact or dense bone

Hint 5

Resist stresses produced by weight and movement

Front 6

Histology of compact bone

______________ - Functional unit of bone tissue consists of concentric rings of classified matrix surrounding a blood vessel.

____________ Are found in lacunae-Spaces in the matrix.

Back 6

Osteon

osteocytes

Front 7

Histology of spongy bone

Spongy cancellus bone consists of _______ (struts) surrounding spaces filled with a red marrow (where blood cells are made)

forms the structure of which three bones?

That's when you're going is light and strong and it's purpose is to _______________.

Back 7

Trabeculae

Short, flat and irrlegular bones, gives epiphysis of long bones.

Supports and protects the red bone marrow

Front 8

Know it.

Where is the metaphysics located?

What does it include?

What does the articular cartilage do?

What does the Medullary cavity contain?

Back 8

Between the epiphysis and diaphysis.

epiphyseal plate in growing bones

Absorbs shock at pints and reduces friction

Yellow bone marrow (fatty)

Front 9

Front (Term)

Back 9

Know how to Label it

Front 10

Know it.

Where is the metaphysics located?

What does it include?

What does the articular cartilage do?

What does the Medullary cavity contain?

Back 10

Between the epiphysis and diaphysis.

epiphyseal plate in growing bones

Absorbs shock at pints and reduces friction

Yellow bone marrow (fatty)

Front 11

Front (Term)

Back 11

Know how to Label it

Front 12

Blood and nerve supply to bone

____________ arteries that supply periosteum that covers bones

Nutrient arteries go into bone through nutrient ___________-supply diaphysis of long bones and red marrow.

Metaphyseal & epiphyseal arteries supply ________ & ________ of epiphyses.

Back 12

periosteal

Foremen

Red bone marrow & bone tissue

Front 13

Back 13

Look over it

Front 14

Bone formation ( in embryo)

____________ -soft tissue that is the template model for bone formation.

Bone formation is termed as?

Back 14

Mesenchyme

Osteogenesis or ossification

Front 15

Two types of ossification occur

Back 15

Intramembranous ossification

Endochondrial ossification

Hint 15

One step process

two-step process

Front 16

The one step process that forms flat bones like the skull.

Back 16

Intramembranous ossification

Front 17

The two-step process where mesenchyme first becomes hyaline Cartilage that is then replaced by bone

Back 17

Endochondrial ossification

Front 18

Front (Term)

Back 18

Back (Definition)

Front 19

Cartilage cells are produced by _______ on epiphyseal side of plate

Cartilage cells are replaced by _________

Between ages __ to ___ epiphyseal plates close and growth stops.

Back 19

Mitosis

Bone

18-25extr

Hint 19

Extra knowledge

Cartilage cells stop dividing and Boner replaces the Cartilage leaving an epiphyseal line

Front 20

Know it

Back 20

Know it

Front 21

Front (Term)

Back 21

Back (Definition)

Front 22

Front (Term)

Back 22

Back (Definition)

Front 23

Nutritional Factors affecting bone growth

•calcium and phosphorus for _______

•vitamin C for________

•Vitamin k and B12 for_______

Back 23

Bone growth

collagen formation

protein synthesis

Front 24

Back 24

Front 25

Nutritional Factors affecting bone growth

•calcium and phosphorus for _______

•vitamin C for________

•Vitamin k and B12 for_______

Back 25

Bone growth

collagen formation

protein synthesis

Front 26

(Hormones) factors affecting bone growth

Insulin like growth factor promotes cell division a epiphyseal plate

Name 3

Sex hormones (estrogen and testosterone)"kick in" at puberty and do two things

Back 26

hGH (growth), thyroid (T3 & T4) and insulin

Stimulate growth And modify the skeleton (create male& female forms)

Front 27

Hormonal of abnormalities can affect bone growth

____________ of hGH - produces gigantism

____________ of hGH - produces short stature

Both men or women that Lack ________ receptors on cells grow taller than normal

Back 27

Oversecretion

under secretion

Estrogen

Front 28

Back 28

Front 29

Fracture repair

Step 1 damaged blood vessels produce ________in 6-8 hours damaged bone cells die.

Step 2 formation of _________ callus

Step 3 formation of __________ callus (3-4 months)

Step 4 _______ ____________

Back 29

Clot

Fibrocartilagenous

Bony

Bone remodeling

Front 30

Front (Term)

Back 30

Look over

Front 31

Exercise & bone tissue

Within limits bone gets stronger through exercise by increasing deposition of _______ ______ and production of ________

Back 31

Mineral salts

Collagen fibers

Front 32

Front (Term)

Back 32

Look over

Front 33

Exercise & bone tissue

Within limits bone gets stronger through exercise by increasing deposition of _______ ______ and production of ________

Back 33

Mineral salts

Collagen fibers

Front 34

Removal of mechanical stress leads to __________ of the bone through demineralization and collagen reduction

Back 34

Weakening

Front 35

Osteoporosis is ?

Those at risk? (3)

Back 35

Decreased bone mass results in zporous bones

White white, thin menopausal, smoking, drinking, female with family history

Athletes who are not menstruating due to decrease body fat and decreased estrogen levels

People allergic to milk or with eating disorders whose intake of calcium Is too low

Front 36

Ossification disorders

What are rickets?

Why does this happen ?

What is Osteomalacia?

Back 36

Calcium salts are not deposited properly. Bones of growing children are small. But likes school rib cage and public deformities result.

New Adult bone produced during remodeling feels to ossify. Hip fractures are common

Hint 36