Chapter 6: Skeletal System

Front 1

Bones

Back 1

Primary organs of the skeletal system, composed of water (25%) and solid matter (75%) -- osseous tissue. Chiefly brittle, some elasticity thanks to collagen. Osteoblasts form bone starting 2nd month of fetal life.

Front 2

Cartilage

Back 2

Specialized type of fibrous connective tissue found at the ends of bones; forms the major portion of the embryonic skeleton and portions of the skeleton in adults.

Front 3

Tendons

Back 3

Connective tissue that attaches muscles to bones.

Front 4

Ligaments

Back 4

Fibrous connective tissue that connects bones and cartilages to other bones; also serve as places for the attachment of fascia.

Front 5

Axial skeleton

Back 5

80 bones, principal of which are the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum.

Front 6

Appendicular skeleton

Back 6

126 bones, principal of which are shoulder girdle, arms, hands, pelvic girdle, legs, and feet.

Front 7

Osseous tissue

Back 7

Building block of bones, hard and lightweight composite material formed mostly of calcium phosphate. Has both living and dead cells embedded in a mineralized organic matrix (intercellular substance of bone).

Front 8

Endochondral ossification

Back 8

Process by which osteoblasts deposit organic substances in spaces vacated by broken down fetal cartilage to form bone matrix, build vasculature, and use that to deposit salts such as calcium phosphate and phosphorus that harden developing bone.

Front 9

Long bones

Back 9

Long, rounded bones, eg tibia, femur, humerus, radius.

Front 10

Flat bones

Back 10

Flattened thin bones of multiple shapes, eg ribs, scapula, parts of pelvic girdle, skull

Front 11

Short bones

Back 11

Nubbins, eg carpals and tarsals; not to be confused with sesamoid bones.

Front 12

Irregular bones

Back 12

Vertabrae, ossicles of the ear

Front 13

Sesamoid bones

Back 13

Bones embedded within a tendon or muscle eg patella, pisiform of the wrist

Front 14

Sutural (wormian) bones

Back 14

Bones occuring within th sutures of the skull.

Front 15

Epiphysis

Back 15

The rounded end of a developing (adolescent) long bone.

Front 16

Diaphysis

Back 16

Shaft of a long bone.

Front 17

Periosteum

Back 17

A thin vascular membrane that covers bone surfaces except at their articular surfaces.

Front 18

Cortical (compact) bone

Back 18

Dense, hard brittle layer of bone tissue.

Front 19

Epiphyseal line

Back 19

Growth plate between epiphysis and diaphysis that has ossified with maturity.

Front 20

Articular cartilage

Back 20

Connective tissue that provides a smooth, lubricated surface for articulation and load bearing with as little friction as possible.

Front 21

Medullary canal

Back 21

Hollow cavity running through the diaphysis containing yellow bone marrow.

Front 22

Endosteum

Back 22

Tough, connective tissue membrane that lines the medullary canal and inside of which yellow marrow can be found.