Chapter 6: Behavior, Arousal, And Affective Valence

Front 1

Arousal

Back 1

refers to the mobilization or activation of energy that occurs in preparation or during actual behavior

Front 2

Physiological Arousal

Back 2

refers to those bodily changes that correspond to our feelings of being energized, such as sweaty palms and increased muscle tension, breathing, and heart rate

Front 3

Sympathetic Nervous System

Back 3

is responsible for arousing or preparing the body for action

Front 4

Brain Arousal

Back 4

the activation of the brain

Front 5

Energetic Arousal

Back 5

a dimension characterized by a range of feelings from tiredness and sleepiness at the low end to alert awake at the high end

Front 6

Tense Arousal

Back 6

a dimension characterized by a range of feelings from calmness and stillness at the low end to tension and anxiety at the high end

Front 7

Collative Variables

Back 7

refer collectively to stimulus characteristics that include novelty, complexity, and incongruity

Front 8

Novel Stimulus

Back 8

one that is new and different from the stimuli to which a person has become accustomed

Front 9

Complexity Variable

Back 9

determined by the number of elements and the dissimilarity of those elements in a stimulus array

Front 10

Incongruity Variable

Back 10

refers to the disparity between a single element in the stimulus array and other accompanying stimulus elements or previous elements

Front 11

The Degree of Arousal

Back 11

energization for getting ready to act

Front 12

Inverted-U Arousal-Performance Relationship

Back 12

as arousal increases, performance increases, levels off, and then decreases

Front 13

Yerkes-Dodson Law

Back 13

low arousal produces maximal performance on difficult tasks, and high arousal produces maximal performance on easy tasks

Front 14

Zone of Optimal Functioning Hypothesis

Back 14

individual inverted-U curves each with a zone of optimal arousal where an athlete performs best

Front 15

Cognitive Anxiety

Back 15

refers to negative expectations and mental concerns about performance in a competitive situation

Front 16

Somatic Anxiety

Back 16

refers to the self-perception of physiological arousal associated with nervousness and tension

Front 17

Cusp Catastrophe Model

Back 17

States that there are two arousal: cognitive anxiety and physiological arousal. At low physiological arousal, increases in cognitive anxiety produce a slight improvement in athletic performance while at high physiological arousal, increases in cognitive anxiety produce a decline in performance

Front 18

Tonic Immobility

Back 18

marks the final reaction to extremely stressful dangerous circumstances

Front 19

Cue Utilization Hypothesis

Back 19

holds that the number of cues or amount of information utilized by a person in any situation tends to decline with an increase in arousal

Front 20

Central Details

Back 20

relevant and directly associated with the traumatic event

Front 21

Peripheral Detail

Back 21

neither relevant nor directly associated

Front 22

Cool System

Back 22

localized in the hippocampus, serves the memory of events occurring in space and time

Front 23

Hot System

Back 23

localized in the amygdala, serves as the memory of events that occue under high arousal

Front 24

Trait Anxiety

Back 24

an individual difference measure of the disposition to perceive environmental events as threatening and to respond anxiously

Front 25

State Anxiety

Back 25

refers to the actual feelings of apprehension, worry, and sympathetic nervous system arousal that are evoked by threatening situations

Front 26

Processing Efficiency Theory

Back 26

anxiety expresses itself as worry, which is a preoccupation with evaluation and concerns about performance.

Front 27

Optimal Level of Stimulation Theory

Back 27

Every person has an optimal level of stimulation or arousal that is associated with the highest positive affective valence

Front 28

Sensory Deprivation

Back 28

involves reducing sensory stimulation from touch, sound, and light to the lowest possible level

Front 29

Perceptual Deprivation

Back 29

allows the participant to see and hear to some extent, but only diffuse and nonpatterned light and static noise, such as a hum of a fan.

Front 30

Hedonic Reversal

Back 30

refers to the eventual liking of stimuli that were initially aversive or feared

Front 31

Musical Grammar Processorr

Back 31

This processor has a primitive schema about a basic musical grammar by which it resolves musical notes

Front 32

Schemas

Back 32

mental representations of environmental regularities that an individual has experienced

Front 33

Schema Incongruity Model

Back 33

Describes how the degree of incongruity affects both the valence and intensity of emotional reaction

Front 34

Chill

Back 34

A unique physiological reaction characterized by goose bumps, shivers, or tingles

Front 35

Theory of Suspense Enjoyment

Back 35

Pleasure, as relief from arousal, occurs when the incongruity is resolved --that is, when the hanger has passed and the protagonist is safe