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74 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
phrenology
theory that the bumps on your head determined characteristics and mental abilitis
frans gall
german physician; main proponet of phrenology
biological psychologists
finding links between behavior and neuroscience/biology
neuron
nerve cell, the basi building block of the nervous sys
axon
extension of the neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers- through which the actin ppotential is sent
terminal buttons
axon ending
dendrite
recieving messagews and conduct impulses- busy branching extensions
synapse
point of connection between dendrite and terminal buttons of an axon, thru which neural transmitters are sent
myelin sheath
fatty covering of the axon; insulating, protects, speeds up the sending of messages
node of ranvier
small gaps /absences of myelin sheath- makes the neural impulses jump -sends the message faster
phrenology
theory that the bumps on your head determined characteristics and mental abilitis
frans gall
german physician; main proponet of phrenology
biological psychologists
finding links between behavior and neuroscience/biology
neuron
nerve cell, the basi building block of the nervous sys
axon
extension of the neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers- through which the actin ppotential is sent
terminal buttons
axon ending
dendrite
recieving messagews and conduct impulses- busy branching extensions
synapse
point of connection between dendrite and terminal buttons of an axon, thru which neural transmitters are sent
myelin sheath
fatty covering of the axon; insulating, protects, speeds up the sending of messages
node of ranvier
small gaps /absences of myelin sheath- makes the neural impulses jump -sends the message faster
resting potential
fluid interior is negative ions, fluid exterir- positve ions
depolarization
when ions travel thru the selectively permeable surface
selective permeability
only allow some things to travel thru its surface
refractory period
resting period where the ions polarize again
threshold
level of stimulation required to trigger a neural response
-70 mv
the charge of the resting potential
neurotransmitters
chemicals travelling across the synpatic gap
reuptake
sending neuron reabsorbs extra molecules
acetylcholine (ACh)
enables muscle action, learning and memory- malfunctions: alzheimers occurs when these neurons deteriorate
endorphins
body's natural morphine linked to pain control and pleasure- and natural opiate.
soma
cell body
vesicle
A membranous pouch within an axon terminal that stores and releases neurotransmitter
serotonin
neurotransmitter affecting mood, hunger, sleep and arousal. lack of serotonin = depression
dopamine
neurotransmitter affecting emotions, learning, movement, and attention; excess = schizophrenia; lack of = tremors, decreased mobility like parkinsons
Parkinsons disease
decreased mobility from lack of dopamine
agonist
excitatory; mimic or block reuptake of neurotransmitters
antagonist
inhibitory; block neutransmitters from being released
nervous system
bodys speedy electrochemical communication network
central nervous system
involves spinal cord +brain
peripheral nervous system
sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous sys to the body (glands/sense receptors/muscle)
automatic nervous system
control glands and muscles of internal organs; usually function autonomously
somatic nervous system
enables voluntary control of skeletal muscles
sympathetic nervous system
arouses -alarm, enragement
parasympathetic nervous system
calms
sensory neurons
afferent; incoming- connect sense receptors to the central nervous sys
motor neurons
efferent; carry OUTgoing information from central nervous sys to the muscles
interneurons
the neurons that interanlly communicate between sensory and motor neurons
reflex
simple/automatic response to a sensory stimulus
neural network
work groups of neuron clusters
endocrine system
bodys slow chemical communication system thru secretion of glands and hormones
hormone
chemical messenger produced in one tissue, affecting another
hypothalmus
brain region controling the pituitary gland
pituitary gland
regulates growth, controls alll other endocrine glands
thyroid
affects metabolism
parathyroids
regulate the level of calcium in the blood
adrenal glands
ontop of the kidneys- release epinephrine and norepinephrine (adrenaline)
pancreas
regulates blood sugar levels
gonads
reproductive gland- ovary or testes
testes
male reprod gland
ovaries
female reproductive gland
epinephrine/norepinephrine
control alertness and arousal; lack of- depresses mood; secreted by adrenal glands
androgens
A steroid hormone, such as testosterone or androsterone, that controls the development and maintenance of masculine characteristics
testosterone
A "male hormone" -- a sex hormone produced by the testes
estrogen
Estrogen is a female hormone produced by the ovaries
progesterone
A female hormone prepares the lining of the uterus to receive and sustain the fertilized egg and so permits pregnancy
brainstem
oldest an most central part of the brain. responsiblefor automatic survival instincts
medulla
swellin point of brainstem- responsiblefor breathing blood pressure and heartbeat
reticular formation RAS
midbrain, netlike nerve network in brainstem, plays role in arousal, and focus
fissures
wrinkly part of the cerebral cortex
thalamus
brains sensory switchboard; records all senses except smell. directs messages and transmits replies
fissures
wrinkly part of the cerebral cortex
cerebellum
little brain. processes sensory input and coordinating mvement out put and balance. judge time, modulate emotions, discriminate sounds and textures
medulla
swellin point of brainstem- responsiblefor breathing blood pressure and heartbeat
thalamus
brains sensory switchboard; records all senses except smell. directs messages and transmits replies