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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Transience |
Rapid loss of memory over short periods of time |
Fails to store into LTM |
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Absent-mindedness |
Breakdowns in attention that prevent encoding into STM |
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Blocking |
Inability to retrieve info from LTM |
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Sins of commission |
Remembering incorrect info that we'd like to forget |
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Misattribution |
Confuse event seen in a movie or dream with an event actually experienced |
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Suggestibility |
Tendency to become confused in our recollections b/c of comments made by others about what really happened |
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Bias |
The way our current beliefs affect our reconstruction of the past |
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Persistence |
Unwelcome imposition of the past in full detail |
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Proposed a "three-store model" for human memory |
Atkinson & Shiffrin |
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Three-store model |
Sensory STM LTM |
Proposed by Atkinson & Shiffrin |
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Iconic memory |
Stores visual information and features for a brief period of time |
Large capacity Duration of 250ms Part of sensory memory |
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Echoic memory |
Stores sound for a brief duration |
Part of sensory memory More items stored than recalled Duration of 2 seconds |
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Serial position effect |
Recalling items from a list previously presented |
Initial & final items of the list are best recalled |
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Primacy effect |
Accurate recall of the initial items studied in a list |
Retrieval of info from LTM |
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Recency effect |
Accurate recall of the last items studied in a list |
Retrieval from STM |
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Anterograde amnesia |
Difficulty remembering events that occur AFTER the onset of amnesia |
Disruption in transfer from STM to LTM |
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Retrograde amnesia |
Loss of memory of events occurring PRIOR to onset |
Disruption in LTM storage or retrieval of past events |
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Encoding |
Perceiving, & further processing an object so that it can later be remembered |
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Storage |
Transferring info from STM to LTM |
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Retrieval |
searching LTM & finding the event that has been stored & retrieved |
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Rapid presentation |
eliminates primacy but preserves recency |
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Delayed recall |
eliminates recency but preserves primacy |
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Chunking |
relating separate items in a meaningful way for an integrated representation |
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Dual-coding theory |
Information is best remembered when it's stored in LTM using both verbal and imaginal codes |
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Phonemic similarity effect |
High rate of instruction errors in STM for stimuli that are pronounced alike |
B & V or E & F |
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Proactive interference |
Past learning interferes with the ability to learn and remember new information |
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Retroactive interference |
Recent learning interferes with the recall of previous learning |
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Serial search |
Items in the memory are somehow ordered & examined one at a time |
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Parallel search |
All items are examined simultaneously |
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Self-terminating search |
A search that stops as soon as the item being sought is found |
searching for a letter of the alphabet |
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Exhaustive search |
A search that continues to examine the remaining items even after the target has been found |
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Working memory |
The system for temporarily maintaining mental representations relevant to the performance of a cognitive task in an activated state |
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