Chapter 4 Anatomy And Physiology

Front 1

List the components of blood

Back 1

Red blood cells, white blood cells,platelets, plasma

Front 2

Red blood cells

Back 2

Produced in bone marrow, contain hemoglobin and carry oxygen to cells

Front 3

White blood cells

Back 3

Destroy disease causing germs

Front 4

Platelets

Back 4

Smaller than red blood cells, contribute to clotting

Front 5

Plasma

Back 5

Fluid part where red and white blodd cells flow, carries food and secretions to cells and takes carbon dioxide away from cells

Front 6

Masseter

Back 6

One of the jaw muscles used in mastecation

Front 7

Maxillae

Back 7

Bones of upper jaw

Front 8

Median nerve

Back 8

Smaller than radial and ulnar nerves, supplies arm and hands

Front 9

Maxillary nerve

Back 9

Branch of fifth cranial nerve that supplies upper part of the face

Front 10

Mental nerve

Back 10

Affects skin of lower lip and chin

Front 11

Mentalis

Back 11

Muscles that elevates lover lip and wrinkles and raises the skin of the chin

Front 12

Metacarpus

Back 12

Five bones in palm of hand

Front 13

Motor nerves

Back 13

Carries impulses from brain to muscles

Front 14

Nasal bones

Back 14

Form the bridge of nose

Front 15

Nasal nerve

Back 15

Affects the point and lowers sides of nose

Front 16

Mitosis

Back 16

Cells dividing into two new cells. Usual process of cell reproduction

Front 17

Occipital bone

Back 17

Hindmost bone of the skull, located below parietal bone

Front 18

Occipitalis

Back 18

Back of epicranius, muscle that draws scalp backwards

Front 19

Opthalmic nerve

Back 19

Branch of fifth cranial nerve, affects the skin of the forehead, upper eyelids, and inferior part of scalp, orbit,eyeball, and nasal passage

Front 20

Orbicularis oculi

Back 20

Ring muscle of the eye socket. Closes the eye

Front 21

Orbicularis oris

Back 21

Flat muscle band around upper and lower lips. Compress,contracts,puckers,and wrinkles lips

Front 22

Origin

Back 22

Part of the muscle that doesnt move. Usually part of skeletal muscle

Front 23

Parietal bones

Back 23

Form the sides and top of cranium

Front 24

Pectoralis major and minor

Back 24

Muscles of chest the assist in swinging the arm

Front 25

Phalanges (singular phalanx)

Back 25

Bones of fingers and toes

Front 26

Posterior auricular nerve

Back 26

Affects muscles behind ear and at base of skull

Front 27

Pronators

Back 27

Muscles that turn the hand inward so the palm faces downward

Front 28

Radius

Back 28

Bone in forearm on same side as thumb

Front 29

Risorus

Back 29

Muscle that drwas the corner of the mouth out and back, as in grinning

Front 30

Scapula

Back 30

Shoulder blade

Front 31

Serratus anterior

Back 31

Muscle of chest, assists in breatjing breathing and raising the arm

Front 32

Seventh facial cranial nerve

Back 32

Cheif motor nerve of face, near the lower part of the ear

Front 33

Sternocleiodmastiodeus

Back 33

Muscle of neck that depresses and rotates head

Front 34

Smaller occipital bone

Back 34

Located at the base of the skull, affects scalp and muscles behind ear

Front 35

Sphenoid bone

Back 35

Bone that joins all the bones of the cranium together

Front 36

Supinator

Back 36

Muscle of the forearm that rotates the radius outward and the palm upward

Front 37

Supratrochlear nerve

Back 37

Affects the skin betweeen the eyes and upper side of nose

Front 38

Temporalis

Back 38

Temporal muscle; one of the muscles of mastication

Front 39

Transverse facial artery

Back 39

Supplies blood to the skin and the masseter

Front 40

Ulnar nerve

Back 40

Affects the little finger side of the arm and palm of hand

Front 41

Zygomaticus major and minor

Back 41

Muscles extending from zygomatic bone to angle of mouth; elevates lip as in laughing

Front 42

Zygomatic nerve

Back 42

Affects the skin of the temple, side of forehead, and upper part of the cheek

Front 43

Name the muscles of the neck

Back 43

Platisma, and sternocleiodmastiodeus

Front 44

Platisma

Back 44

Lowers lower jaw and lip

Front 45

Name the muscles of the mouth

Back 45

Buccinator, depressor labii inferiorus, lavator angulioris,lavator labii superioris ,mentalis, orbicularis oris, risonus, triangularis, zygomaticus

Front 46

Endocrine system

Back 46

Affects the growth, development, sexual activities, and the health of the entire body

Front 47

Name the muscles of the eyebrow

Back 47

Corrugator,orbicularis oculi

Front 48

Corrugator

Back 48

Draws eyebrow down and wrinkles forehead.

Front 49

Name the muscles of mastication

Back 49

The masseter and the temporalis

Front 50

Name the muscles of the scalp

Back 50

Epicranius, occipitalis, frontalis,aponerosis

Front 51

Name the muscles of the ear

Back 51

Auricularis superior,anterior, and posterior

Front 52

Name the bones of the cranium

Back 52

Occipital bone, two parietal bones, frontal bone, two temporal bones, ethmoid bone, sphenoid bone

Front 53

Name the bones of the face

Back 53

Two nasal bones, two lacrimal bones, two zygomatic bones, two maxillae, one vomer, two palatine, two inferior concha

Front 54

Name the bones of the neck

Back 54

Hyoid bone, and cervical vertebrae

Front 55

Name the bones of the chest aka as the thorax

Back 55

Sternum, spine, ribs,and connective cartilage

Front 56

Name the bones of the shoulder

Back 56

Clavicle and scapula

Front 57

Name the bones of the arm and hand

Back 57

Humerous, ulna, radius, carpus, metacarpus, phlanages

Front 58

Name the divisions of the nervous system

Back 58

Central, peripheral, autonomic

Front 59

The central nervous system

Back 59

Consits of brain,spinal cord, spinal nerves,cranial nerves

Front 60

The peripheral nervous system

Back 60

Connects outer parts of the body to central nervous system

Front 61

Autonomic nervous system

Back 61

Controls involuntary muscles, redulates smooth muscles, glands, blood vessels, and heart

Front 62

Name the muscles of the shoulder and arm

Back 62

Biceps, triceps, deltoid, extensors, flexors, pronators, supinator

Front 63

Name the muscles.that attach the arms to the body

Back 63

Latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, serratus anterior, trapezius

Front 64

Name the muscles of the nose

Back 64

Procerus, covers the bridge of the nose

Front 65

Histology

Back 65

T8je study of the science of the minute structures of organic tissues. ; microscopic anatomy

Front 66

Explain cell metabolism and its purpose

Back 66

Process where cells are nourished and carry out their activities. Has 2 phases, anabolism and catabolism

Front 67

Anabolism

Back 67

Builds up smaller molecules from larger ones

Front 68

Catabolism

Back 68

Where compounds within the cells ate broken down into smaller ones

Front 69

Name the five types of tissue found in the body

Back 69

Connective,epithelial, liquid, muscular, and nerve

Front 70

Nerve tissue

Back 70

Carries messages to and from.the brain,and controls and coordinates bodily functions ex: nerves, brain, and spinal cord

Front 71

Liquid tissue

Back 71

Includes blood and lymph

Front 72

Muscular tissue

Back 72

Contracts and moves the various parts of the body

Front 73

Epithelial tissue

Back 73

Protective covering ex: mucous membranes, the lining of the heart, digestive and respiratory organs and glands

Front 74

Connective tissue

Back 74

Supports, protects,and binds other tissues. Ex: bone,cartilage, ligaments

Front 75

What are organs?

Back 75

Groups of tissues designed to perform a specific function

Front 76

Brain

Back 76

Controls the body

Front 77

Eyes

Back 77

Control vision

Front 78

Heart

Back 78

Circulates the blood

Front 79

Lungs

Back 79

Supplies oxygen to the blood

Front 80

Liver

Back 80

Removes toxic products of digestion

Front 81

Skin

Back 81

External protective covering

Front 82

Stomach and intestines

Back 82

Digest food

Front 83

Digestive system

Back 83

Changes food into nutrients and wastes. Contains the mouth, stomach, intestine, salivary and gastric glands

Front 84

Respiratory system

Back 84

Enables breathing and eliminating carbon dioxide. Consists of lungs and air passages

Front 85

Reproductive system

Back 85

Responsible for producing offspring

Front 86

Muscular system

Back 86

Covers, shapes, and supports the skeleton, also contracts and moves the body. Consists of muscles

Front 87

Nervous system

Back 87

Controls all body systems, consists of brain,spinal cord, and nerves

Front 88

Skeletal system

Back 88

Foundation of the body, consists of bones and joints

Front 89

Circulatory system

Back 89

Controls circulation of blood by the means of the heart and blood vessels

Front 90

List the primary functions of the bones

Back 90

Give shape and support, protect internal organs, serve as attachments to muscles, help produce white and red blood cells, store most of the body's calcium as well as phosphorus, magnesium, and sodium

Front 91

Name the 3 types of muscle tissue

Back 91

Striated (aka voluntary muscles), nonstriated (aka involuntary), cardiac (involuntary muscle that makes up the heart)

Front 92

Name the 3 types of nerves found in the body

Back 92

Sensory, motor or efferent, and brain

Front 93

Brain nerve tissue

Back 93

The most complex nerve tissue in the body

Front 94

Motor or efferent nerve tissue

Back 94

Carries impulses from the brain to the muscles

Front 95

Sensory nerves

Back 95

Carry impulses to the organs and brain

Front 96

Name the 3 types of blood vessels in the body

Back 96

Arteries, capillaries, veins

Front 97

Arteries

Back 97

Thick walled muacular tubes that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to capillaries

Front 98

Capillaries

Back 98

Small thin walled vessels that connect arteries to veins

Front 99

Veins

Back 99

Thin walled blood vessels that carry blood containing waste products from the capillaries to the heart. Have valves to prevent back flow

Front 100

Name the structure of a cell

Back 100

It is composed of protoplasm, and includes a nucleus, cytoplasm, and a cell membrane

Front 101

Protoplasm

Back 101

A colorless jelly like substance where food elements are present

Front 102

Nucleus

Back 102

Dense, active protoplasm found in the center of a cell. Plays an important part in cell reproduction and metabolism

Front 103

Cytoplasm

Back 103

The watery fluid that contains food material necessary for growth, reproduction, and self repair of a cell

Front 104

Cell membrane

Back 104

Encloses the protoplasm and permits soluble substances to enter and leave the cell