Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
crime prevention
|
the anticipation recognition and appraisal of a crime risk and the initiation of action to eliminate or reduce it
|
|
|
CompStat
|
a crime-annalysis and police-management process built on crime mapping that was developed by the new york city police department
|
|
|
quality-of-life defense
|
a minor violation of the law (petty crime) that demoralizes community residents and businesspeople
|
|
|
sheriff
|
the elected chief officer of a county law enforcement agency. The sheriff is usually responsible for law enforcement in unicorporated areas and for the operation of the county jail
|
|
|
police management
|
the administrative activities of controlling, directing, and coordinating police personnel, resources, and activities in the service of crime prevention
|
|
|
line operations
|
in police organizations, activities directly related to day-to-day police work
|
|
|
staff operations
|
in police organizations, activities (such as administration and training) that provide support for line operations
|
|
|
chain of command
|
the unbroken line of authority that extends through all levels of an organization, from the highest to the lowest
|
|
|
span of control
|
the number of police personnel or the number of units supervised by a particular officer
|
|
|
watchman style
|
a style of policing marked by a concern for order maintenance
|
|
|
legalistic style
|
a style of policing marked by a strict concern with enforcing the precise letter of the law
|
|
|
service style
|
a style of policing marked by a concern with helping rather than strict enforcement
|
|
|
police community relations
|
an area of police activity that recognizes the need for community and the police to work together effectively and that is based on the notion that the police derive their legitimacy from the community they serve
|
|
|
team policing
|
the reorganization of conventional patrol strategies into "an integrated and versatile police team assigned to a fixed district:
|
|
|
strategic policing
|
a type of policing that retains the traditional police goal of professional crime fighting but enlarges the enforcement target to include nontraditional kinds of criminals such as serial offenders
|
|
|
problem-soloving policing
|
a type of policing that assumes that many crimes are caused by existing social conditions within the community and that crimes can be controlled by uncovering and effectively addressing underlying social problems
|
|
|
community policing
|
"a collaborative effort between the police and the community that identifies problems of crime and disorder and involves all elements of the community in the search for solutions to these problems
|
|
|
police subculture
|
a particular set of values, beliefs and acceptable forms of behavior characteristic of american police with the police profession strives to imbue new recruits
|
|
|
law enforcement assistance administration
|
a now defunct federal agency established under the Title I of the omnibus crime control and safe streets act of 1968 to funnel federal funding to state and local law enforcement agencies
|
|
|
kansas city experiment
|
the first large-scale scientific study of law enforcement practices
|
|
|
directed patrol
|
a police-management strategy designed to increase the productivity of patrol officers through the scientific analysis and evaluation of patrol techniques
|
|
|
evidence- based policing
|
the use of best available research on the outcomes of police work to implement guidelines and evaluate agencies, units, and officers
|
|
|
police discretion
|
the opportunity of law enforcement officers to exercise choice in their daily activities
|
|
|
bill of rights
|
the popular name given to the first ten amendments to the U.S constitution, which are considered especially important in the processing of criminal defendants
|
|
|
landmark case
|
a precedent-setting court decision that produces substantial changes both in the understanding of the requirements of due process and in the practical day-to-day operatins of the justice system
|
|
|
illegally seized evidence
|
any evidence seized without regard to the principles of due process as described by the bill of rights
|
|
|
exclusionary rule
|
understanding, based on U.S supreme court precedent, that incriminating information must be seized according to constitutional specifications of due process or it will not be allowed as evidence in a criminal trial
|
|
|
writ of certiorari
|
a writ issued from an appellate court for the purpose of obtaining from a lower court the record of its proceedings in a particular case.
|
|
|
fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine
|
a legal principle that excludes from introduction at trial any evidence later developed as a result of an illegal search or seizure
|
|
|
good-faith exception
|
an exception to the exclusionary rule. law enforcement officers who conduct a search or who seize evidence on the basis of good faith (that is, when they believe they are operating according to the dictates of the law) and who later discover that a mistake was made (perhaps in the format of application for a search warrant) may still use the seized evidence in court
|
|
|
probable cause
|
a set of facts and circumstances that would induce a reasonably intelligent and prudent person to believe that a particular other person has committed a specific crime
|
|
|
probable cause
|
a set of facts and circumstances that would induce a reasonably intelligent and prudent person to believe that a particular other person has committed a specific crown
|
|
|
plain view
|
a legal term describing the ready visibility of objects that might be seized as evidence during a search warrant specifying the seizure those objects
|
|
|
emergency search
|
a search conducted by the police without a warrant, which is justified on the basis of some immediate and overriding need, such as public safety, the likely escape of a dangerous suspect, or the removal or destruction of evidence
|
|
|
arrest
|
the act of taking an adult or juvenile into physical custody by authority of law for the purpose of charging the person with a criminal offense
|
|
|
search incident to an arrest
|
a warrantless search of an arrested individual conducted to ensure the saffety of the arresting officer
|
|
|
reasonable suspicion
|
the level of suspicion that would justify an officer in making further investigation
|
|
|
fleeting-targets
|
an exception to the exclusionary rule that permits law enforcement officers to search a motor vehicle based on probable cause but without a warrant
|
|
|
compelling interest
|
a legal concept that provides a basis for suspicionless searches when public safety is at issue
|
|
|
suspicion less search
|
a search conducted by law enforcement personnel without a warrant and without suspicion
|
|
|
interrogation
|
the information-gathering activity of police officers that involves the direct questioning of suspects
|
|
|
inherent coercion
|
the tactics used by police interviewers that fall short of physical abuse but nonetheless pressure suspects to divulge information
|
|
|
psychological manipulation
|
the manipulative actions by police interviewers, designed to pressure suspects to divulge information, that are based on subtle forms of intimidation and control
|
|
|
miranda warnings
|
the advisement of rights due criminal suspects by the police before questioning begins
|
|
|
miranda triggers
|
the dual principles of custody and interrogation, both of which are necessary before an advisement of rights is required
|
|
|
electronic communications privacy act
|
a law passed by congress in 1986 establishing the due process requirements that law enforcement officers must meet in order to legally intercept wire communications
|
|
|
electronic evidence
|
information and data of investigative value that are stored in or transmitted by an electronic device
|
|
|
latent evidence
|
evidence of relevance to a criminal investigation that is not readily seen by the unaided eye
|
|
|
digital criminal forensics
|
the lawful seizure, acquisition, analysis, reporting, and safeguarding of data from digital devices that may contain information of evidentiary calue to the trier of fact in criminal events
|
