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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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___ are blockages of the hollow space, or lumen, within the small and large intestines
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Bowel Obstructions
p1320 |
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Name the 4 ost common causes of bowel obstructions
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Hernia
Intussusception Adhesion Volvulus p1320 |
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Where is the most common cause of bowel obstructions
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small intestines- due to smaller diameter, greater length, flexibilty, and mobility
p1320 |
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Chronic Bowel Obstructions
Signs and Symptons |
Decreased appetite, fever, malaise, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, peritonitis, vomit containing bile. (Severe bowel obstructions vomit may look and smell like feces)
p1321 |
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Chronic Bowel Obstructions
Physical findings |
Pts present with diffuse visceral pain, usually poorly localized, signs and symptons of shock
p1322 |
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Describe the bowel sounds for bowel obstructions
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Early signs:high-pitched obstruction sound
Usually bowel sounds will be greatly reduced or absent p1322 |
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Bowel Obstruction Treatment
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Treatment is based on physiological and psychological support during expedited transport. Airway management, O2 15LPM via NRB, position of comfort or shock position
p1322 |
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Name the 3 closely asssociated organs to the GI tract
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Liver
Gallbladder Pancreas p1322 |
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inflammation of the vermiform appendix at the juncture of the large and small intestines
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appendicits
p1322 |
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___ is the most common surgical emergency you will encounter in the field, mostly in older children and young adults
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Acute appendicitis
p1322 |
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True or False
The appendix has no known anatomic or physiologic function |
True
p1322 |
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The pathogenesis of appendicitis is most often due to obstruction of the appendiceal lumen by ___
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Fecal matter
p1322 |
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Appendicitis
Signs and Symptoms |
Diffuse colicky pain, nausea, vomiting, low-grade fever, lose of appetite, pain localizes in the right lower quadrant at the McBurney's Point
p1322 |
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Appendicitis
Treatment |
Transport in position of comfort, psychological support, airway managemt, IV access
p1322 |
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The inflammation of the gallbladder is called
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Cholecystitis
p1323 |
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Cholelithiasis (formation of gallstones), cause ___% of Cholecystitis
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90%
p1323 |
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Name the 2 different types of gallstones
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Cholesterol based
Bilirubin Based p1323 |
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What is the primary vehicle for removing cholesterol from the body? It is produced by the liver
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Bile
P1323 |
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Cholecystitis
Signs and Symptoms |
*Acute Upper Right quadrant abd pain, *irritation of the diaphragm w/referred pain in the right shoulder, *sympathetic stimulation, *nausea, *vomiting, *positive Murphy's Sign
p1323-24 |
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Cholecystitis
Treatment |
Mainly palliative, position of comfort, ABC's, O2, IV access,
*Pain meds commonly used: fentanyl and morphine p1324 |
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Inflammation of the pancreas
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Pancreatitis
p1324 |
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Name the 4 main categories of Pancreatitis
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Metabolic
Mechanical Vascular Infectious p1324 |
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Metabolic causes, specifically _____, account for approx. ____% of all cases of Pancreatitits
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alcoholism
p1324 |
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The pancreas has two main functions, Name them
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Digestive- prduces digestive enzymes that empty into the duedenum
Endocrine-secretes insulin and glucagon p1324 |
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Pancreatitis
Signs and Symptons |
Intense abd pain- can be localized to Left Upper Quadrant, radiate to the back or epigastric region
Nausea, vomiting, ecchymosis, diaphoresis, tachycardia, possibly hypotension p1324 |
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Pancreatitis
Treatment |
Treatment is supportive, maintain ABC's, high-flow O2, IV access,
p1324 |
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Any injury to the liver cells(hepatocytes) associated with an inflammation or infection
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Hepatitis
p1324 |
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What are the 5 different Hepatitis viruses
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Hep A,B,C.D,E
p1324 |
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Where is the liver located and what are the main functions
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Liver is located in the upper right quadrant and its main functions are:
Filters and detoxifies blood Synthesizing fatty acids Converting Glucose to Glycogen Helps remove toxic products\ p1325 |
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Hep A description
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*Best known, commonly reffered to infectious hepatitits
*spread by oral-fecal route *Lasts between 2-8 weeks and has low mortality rate p1325 |
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Hep B description
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*Known as "serum hepatitits"
*transmitted as bloodborne pathogen *can stay active in bodily fluids outside of the body for days *HBV is epidemic p1325 |
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Hep C description
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*caused by pathogen most commonly responsible for spreading Hepatitis throughout the body
*its chronic and does debilitating damage to the liver p1325 |
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Hep D description
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*less common disorder because its pathogen remains dormaint until activated by HBV
p1325 |
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Hep E description
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*Waterborne infection that caused epidemics in Africa, Mexico, and 3rd world nations
* high mortality for pregnant women p1325 |
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Hepatitis
Signs and symptoms |
Upper right quadrant pain
loss of appetite maybe anorexic, losing weight decrease in bile production Clay-colored stool Jaundice severe nausea and vomiting general malaise, photophobia pharyngitis, coughing |
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Hepatitis
Treatment |
Mainly palliative
Secure ABC's and IV access **carefully consider pharmacological administration because the liver breaks down many active drug metabolites p1325 |
