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34 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Name the 6 MOI's that affect the spinal column
1-flexion
2-extension
3-rotation
4-lateral bending
5- axial loading
6- axial distraction
p1001W
Hyperextension/hyperflexion bends the spine forcibly in which part(s) of the spine
Cervical and/or lumbar
p. 1003
Excessive rotation may occur in which 2 parts of the spine
cervical or lumbar
p. 1003
T or F
The forces necessary to induce injury from lateral bending are generally less than those needed to cause flexion/hyperextension injury.
True
p 1003
What are the most common sites of axial loading injuries
between T-12 and L-2 (for lifitng and heel first falls)
cervical region (for head impacts)
p1003
T or F
The upper cervical region is the most commonly affected MOI of distraction
True
p1003
The cervical region accounts for over half of all spinal injuries, with the ___ joint being most frequently involved
atlas/axis (C1-C2)
p1004
The lumbosacral area (L-5/S-1) is injured because the _____ immobilizes the sacral spine
Pelvis
p1005
The spinal cord ends at the ____ region
L-1/L-2 region
p1005
Name the 6 different types of Primary/Secondary spinal cord injuries
1-Concussion
2-Contusion
3- Compression
4- Laceration
5-Hemorrhage
6- Transection
Transection injuries beginning below the thoracic spine include______ and _____
Incontinence and paraplegia
p1005
Transection injuries to the cervical spine cause?
quadriplegia, incontinence, and partial or complete respiratory paralysis
p 1005
3 types of incomplete spinal cord transections
1- Anterior cord syndrome- bony fragments or pressure compressing on arteries of spine(sensation to pain and temp below injury site)
2- Central cord syndrome- hyperextension of cervical spine (upper extremities and possible bladder dysfunction)
3- Brown Sequard syndrome- partial cutting of one side of spinal cord
p1005
____ is a temp form of neurogenic shock, presents signs of hypotension, bradycardia
Spinal shock
P1006
Signs and symptons of neurogenic shock
Bradycardia, hypotension, shocklike symptons above injury
Warm, dry, flushed skin below the injury
p1006
The most obvious sign between nerve root injury and spinal cord injury is
The size of region affected
p1007
T or F
Helmets reduce the likelihood of head injury but neither increase nor decrease the likelihood of neck injury
True
P1008
To have an altered level of consciousness your GCS must be below?
15
p1008
Does a C-collar prevent flexion/extension, rotation, or lateral bending?
No it does not
P1009
If advanced airway procedures are indicated, consider _____ w/ spinal precautions or ____ intubation
orotracheal intubation or digital intubation
p 1009
Unopposed parasympathetic stimulation or disruption of the sympathetic pathways during a cervical spine injury can produce ____
Priapism
P1012
Name the signs that could possibly indicate a possible spinal cord injury (B/P, HR, Resp)
Low B/P
Slow Heart Rate
Absent, diaphragmatic, or shallow respirations
p 1012
Name the 4 contraindications to moving a pt to a neutral in-line position
1-noticeable increase in pain
2-meet resistance when moving
3-increase in neurological signs when moving head
4- spine is grossly deformed
p1015
If possible, never move a pt ____ before you complete mechanical immobilization
twice
p1015
T or F
A cervical collar by itself mobilizes the head
False
it does not immobilize the head
P1018
Name the 6 conditions that a helmet must be removed involving c-spine injuries
1- does not immobilize head w/in
2-can't secure helmet to spine board
3-prevents airway care
4-prevents assessment of anticipated injuries
5-airway or breathing problems
6-removal will not cause further injury
p1019-1020
Name 6 moving techniques suitable for moving spinal injury pts
1- log roll
2- straddle slide
3-rope-sling slide
4-orthopedic stretcher (scoop stretcher)
5- Vest-type device/short spine board
6- rapid extrication
p1020-1023
The primary design for pts with spine injuries?
Lond spine board
p1024
Immobilize the adult pt to spine board w/ the head elevated ___ to ___ inches and ___ slightly flexed
1-2 inches, knees
p 1025
What medication is no longer recommended for spinal injury
Steriods
p1026
The loss of sympathetic control leads to what in regards to shock? (5 things)
*Relaxation of blood vessels(vasodilation)
*inability to increase HR
*relative hypovolemia
*low B/P
*Normal or Bradycardia rate
p1026
What is the initial treatment for hypovolemia from neurogenic shock
Fluid challenge with Lactated Ringer's or Normal Saline
p1027
What 2 drugs are recommended for neurogenic shock?
Dopamine-causes release of norepinepherine, increase in cardiac contractility
Atropine-blocks parasympathetic impulse to slow heart rate
p1027
What are some meds to use for a combative pt with spinal injury?
Fentanyl
Morphine
Diazepam
Midazolam
p1027