Chapter 31 Structure And Function Cardiovascular And Lymphatic Systems

Front 1

Oxygenated blood flows through the:
a. superior vena cava.
b. pulmonary veins.
c. pulmonary arteries.
d. coronary veins.
e. None of the above is correct.

Back 1

b. pulmonary veins.

Front 2

The hepatic vein carries blood from the:
a. vena cava to the liver.
b. liver to the vena cava.
c. aorta to the liver.
d. liver to the aorta.

Back 2

b. liver to the vena cava.

Front 3

The position of the heart in the mediastinum is:
a. inferior to the diaphragm and between the lungs.
b. between the lungs and superior to the diaphragm.
c. posterior to the trachea and anterior to the
esophagus.
d. posterior to the lungs and anterior to the
diaphragm.

Back 3

b. between the lungs and superior to the diaphragm.

Front 4

The pericardial space is found between the:
a. myocardium and parietal pericardium.
b. endocardium and visceral pericardium.
c. visceral pericardium and parietal pericardium.
d. visceral pericardium and epicardial pericardium.

Back 4

c. visceral pericardium and parietal pericardium.

Front 5

In the normal cardiac cycle, which of the following occurs? (More than one answer may be correct.)
a. The right atrium and right ventricles contract simultaneously.
b. The two atria contract simultaneously, whereas the two ventricles relax.
c. The two ventricles contract simultaneously, whereas the two atria relax.
d. Both the ventricles and atria contract
simultaneously to increase cardiac output.

Back 5

b. The two atria contract simultaneously, whereas the two ventricles relax.
c. The two ventricles contract simultaneously, whereas the two atria relax.

Front 6

The QRS complex of the ECG represents:
a. atrial depolarization.
b. ventricular depolarization.
c. atrial contraction.
d. ventricular repolarization. e. atrial repolarization.

Back 6

b. ventricular depolarization.

Front 7

A person having a heart rate of 100 bpm, a systolic blood pressure of 200 mm Hg, and a stroke volume of 40 mL would have an average cardiac output of:
a. 0.5mL/min.
b. 5L/min.
c. 4mL/min.
d. 8000mL/min.
e. None of the above is correct.

Back 7

e. None of the above is correct.

Front 8

During atrial systole, the:
a. atrioventricular valves are open.
b. atria are filling.
c. ventricles are emptying.
d. semilunar valves are open.

Back 8

a. atrioventricular valves are open.

Front 9

Which do(es) not significantly affect heart rate?
a. sympathetic nerves
b. parasympathetic nerves
c. atrioventricular valves
d. acetylcholine

Back 9

c. atrioventricular valves

Front 10

One cardiac cycle:
a. has a duration that changes if the heart rate changes.
b. usually requires less than 1 second to complete.
c. is equal to stroke volume × heart rate.
d. pumps approximately 5 liters of blood.
e. Both a and b are correct.

Back 10

e. Both a and b are correct.

Front 11

Compared with arteries, veins:
a. have a larger diameter.
b. are thick-coated.
c. recoil quickly after distension.
d. Both a and b are correct.

Back 11

a. have a larger diameter.

Front 12

Normal systolic pressure within the left ventricle is in the range of:
a. 90 to 140mm Hg.
b. 15 to 30mm Hg.
c. 0 to 10mm Hg.
d. None of the above is correct.

Back 12

a. 90 to 140mm Hg.

Front 13

Backflow of blood from the arteries into the relaxing ventricles is prevented by the:
a. venous valves.
b. pericardial fluid.
c. semilunar valves.
d. atrioventricular valves.

Back 13

c. semilunar valves.

Front 14

Adrenomedullin (ADM):
a. exhibits powerful vasoconstriction activity. b. is present only in cardiovascular tissue.
c. mediates sodium reabsorption.
d. exhibits powerful vasodilatory activity.

Back 14

d. exhibits powerful vasodilatory activity.

Front 15

The Frank-Starling law of the heart concerns the relationship between:
a. the length of the cardiac muscle fiber and the strength of contraction.
b. stroke volume and arterial resistance.
c. the rapidity of nerve conduction and stroke volume.
d. systolic rate and cardiac output.

Back 15

a. the length of the cardiac muscle fiber and the strength of contraction.

Front 16

Cardiac muscle differs from skeletal muscle in that cardiac muscle is: (More than one answer may be correct.)
a. arranged in parallel units.
b. arranged in branching networks.
c. multinucleated.
d. singly nucleated.
e. more accessible to sodium and potassium ions.

Back 16

b. arranged in branching networks.
d. singly nucleated.
e. more accessible to sodium and potassium ions.

Front 17

Blood pressure is measured as the:
a. pressure exerted on the ventricular walls during systole.
b. pressure exerted by the blood on the wall of any blood vessel.
c. pressure exerted on arteries by the blood.
d. product of the stroke volume times heart rate.

Back 17

c. pressure exerted on arteries by the blood.

Front 18

Identify the correct sequence of the portions of the pulmonary circulation.
a. 1,5,3,2,4
b. 4,2,3,1,5
c. 4,1,3,2,5
d. 5,2,3,1,4
e. 5,1,3,2,4
(1) pulmonary veins (2) pulmonary arteries (3) lungs (4) right ventricle (5) left atrium

Back 18

b. 4,2,3,1,5

Front 19

The normal heartbeat is initiated by the:
a. coronary sinus.
b. atrioventricular bundle.
c. right ventricle.
d. SA node.
e. AV node.

Back 19

d. SA node.

Front 20

If the sympathetic nervous system stimulation of the heart predominates over parasympathetic nervous system stimulation, the heart will:
a. increase its rate.
b. contract with greater force and at a slower rate.
c. decrease its rate and force of contraction.
d. contract with less force and at a higher rate.

Back 20

a. increase its rate.

Front 21

When blood exhibits a turbulent flow:
a. resistance increases.
b. greater blood viscosity is present.
c. the fluids have greater velocity than with laminar flow.
d. hydrostatic pressure is greater than when the fluids demonstrate laminar flow.

Back 21

a. resistance increases.

Front 22

Identify the normal sequence of an electrical impulse through the heart's conduction system.
a. 4, 1, 2, 5, 3
b. 4, 2, 5, 1, 3
c. 2,4,1,5,3
d. 4, 2, 1, 5, 3
(1) atrioventricular bundle (2) AV node
(3) Purkinje fibers (4) SA node
(5) right and left bundle branches

Back 22

d. 4, 2, 1, 5, 3

Front 23

Which factor might increase resistance to the flow of blood through the blood vessels?
a. an increased inner radius of diameter of blood vessels
b. decreased numbers of capillaries
c. decreased blood viscosity
d. decreased numbers of red blood cells

Back 23

b. decreased numbers of capillaries

Front 24

Depolarization of cardiac muscle cells occurs because of:
a. the cell's interior becoming more negatively charged.
b. the cell's interior becoming less negatively charged.
c. impermeability of the cell membrane to sodium. d. impermeability of the cell membrane to potassium.

Back 24

b. the cell's interior becoming less negatively charged.

Front 25

Which of the following statements is true?
a. Lymphatic walls consist of multiple layers of flattened endothelial cells.
b. Lymph from the entire body, except for the upper right quadrant, eventually drains into the thoracic duct.
c. The thoracic duct has approximately the same diameter as the great veins.
d. Lymph contains more proteins than does blood plasma.
e. The lymphatic system, like the circulatory
system, is a closed circuit.

Back 25

b. Lymph from the entire body, except for the upper right quadrant, eventually drains into the thoracic duct.

Front 26

Elderly heart rate - resting performance

Back 26

Slight decrease

Front 27

Elderly heart rate - exercise performance

Back 27

Overall decrease

Front 28

Elderly cardiac output - resting performance

Back 28

Unchanged in male, slight decrease in female

Front 29

Elderly cardiac output - exercise performance

Back 29

Decreases as heart rate decreases

Front 30

Elderly contraction - resting performance

Back 30

Increased because of prolonged relaxation

Front 31

Elderly contraction - exercise performance

Back 31

Decreases with vigorous exercise

Front 32

a. pulmonary veins

Back 32

Oxygenated blood flows through the:
a. superior vena cava
b. pulmonary veins
c. pulmonary arteries
d. coronary veins

Front 33

b. carries blood from the liver to the vena cava

Back 33

The hepatic vein:
a. carries blood from the vena cava to the liver
b. carries blood from the liver to the vena cava
c. carries blood from the aorta to the liver
d. carries blood from the liver to the aorta

Front 34

b. increasing endothelial cell production of nitric oxide

Back 34

Insulin protects vascular tissue by:
a. increasing growth of vascular smooth muscle cells
b. increasing endothelial cell production of nitric oxide
c. increasing the effect of platelet-derived growth factor
d. increasing the binding of monocytes/macrophages to the vessel wall

Front 35

c. visceral and the parietal pericardia

Back 35

The pericardial space is found between the :
a. myocardium and the parietal pericardium
b. endocardium and the visceral pericardium
c. visceral and the parietal pericardia
d. visceral and the epicardial pericardia

Front 36

b. ventricular depolarization

Back 36

The QRS complex of the ECG represents:
a. atrial depolarization
b. ventricular depolarization
c. atrial contraction
d. ventricular repolarization
e. atrial repolarization

Front 37

e. none of the above is correct

Back 37

A person who has a heart rate of 100 beats per minute, a systolic blood pressure of 200 mmHg, and a stroke volume of 40 ml would have an average cardiac output of:
a. 0.5 mo
b. 5 L
c. 4 ml
d. 8000 ml
e. none of the above is correct

Front 38

a. AV valves are open

Back 38

During the atrial systole, the:
a. AV valves are open
b. atria are filling
c. ventricles are emptying
d. semilunar valves are open

Front 39

c. presence of heart murmur

Back 39

Which of the following does not significantly affect heart rate?
a. temperature
b. age
c. presence of heart murmur
d. Na+ and K+ ions

Front 40

e. both a and b are correct

Back 40

One cardiac cycle:
a. has a duration that changes if the heart rate changes
b. usually requires less than 1 second to complete
c. is equal to stoke volume minus heart rate
d. pumps approximately 5 liters of blood
e. both a and b are correct

Front 41

a. have a larger diameter

Back 41

Compared with arteries, veins:
a. have a larger diameter
b. are thickly coated
c. recoil quickly after distention
d. both a and b are correct

Front 42

a. semilunar valves will open

Back 42

When the intraventricular pressure becomes greater than the pressure in the pulmonary arteries, the:
a. semilunar valves will open
b. semilunar valves will close
c. AV valves will open
d. AV valves will close

Front 43

c. turbulence from the closing of the valves

Back 43

The two distinct heart sounds, lubb and dump, are most directly related to:
a. pulse pressure in the aorta
b. the contraction of the ventricles
c. turbulence from the closing of valves
d. contraction of the atria

Front 44

d. 4 to 12 mmHg

Back 44

Normal end-diastolic pressure within the left ventricle is in the range of:
a. 100 to 140 mmHg
b. 15 to 28 mmHg
c. 0 to 8 mmHg
d. 4 to 12 mmHg

Front 45

a. the length of the cardiac muscle fiber and the strength of contraction

Back 45

The Frank-Starling "law of the heart" involves the relationship between:
a. the length of the cardiac muscle fiber and the strength of contraction
b. stroke volume and arterial resistance
c. rapidity of nerve conduction and stroke volume
d. systolic rate of cardiac output

Front 46

c. pressure exerted on the arteries by the blood

Back 46

Blood pressure is measured by the:
a. pressure exerted on the ventricular walls during systole
b. pressure exerted by the blood on the wall of any blood vessel
c. pressure exerted on the arteries by the blood
d. product of the stroke volume times heart rate

Front 47

d. SA node

Back 47

The heartbeat is initiated by the :
a. coronary sinus
b. atrioventricular bundle
c. right ventricle
d. SA node
e. AV node

Front 48

a. increase its rate

Back 48

If the sympathetic nervous system stimulation of the heart predominates over parasympathetic nervous stimulation, the heart will:
a. increase its rate
b. contract with greater force and at a slower rate
c. decrease its rate and force of contraction
d. contract with less force and at a higher rate.

Front 49

d. exhibits powerful vasodilation activity

Back 49

Adrenomedullin (ADM):
a. exhibits powerful vasoconstriction activity
b. is present only in cardiovascular tissue
c. mediates sodium reabsorption
d. exhibits powerful vasodilation activity

Front 50

b. a decreased number of capillaries

Back 50

Which factor might increase resistance to the flow of blood through the blood vessels?
a. an increased inner radius or diameter of the blood vessels
b. a decreased number of capillaries
c. a decreased number of red blood cells

Front 51

e. both a and c are correct

Back 51

Nitric oxide is:
a. a potent vasodilator
b. a potent vasoconstrictor
c. endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF)
d. an inhibitor of platelet adherence to the endothelium
e. both a and c are correct

Front 52

b. lymph from the entire body, except the upper right quadrant, eventually drains into the thoracic duct

Back 52

Which of the following is TRUE?
a. lymphatic walls consist of multiple layers of flattened endothelial cells
b. lymph from the entire body, except the upper right quadrant, eventually drains into the thoracic duct
c. the thoracic duct has approximately the same diameter as the great veins
d. lymph contains more proteins than does blood plasma
e. the lymphatic system, like the circulatory system is a closed circuit.

Front 53

b. the two atria contract simultaneously while the two ventricles relax
c. the two ventricles contract simultaneously while the two atria relax

Back 53

Which event(s) is/are of the normal cardiac cycle?
a. the right atrium and right ventricles contract simultaneously
b. the two atria contract simultaneously while the two ventricles relax
c. the two ventricles contract simultaneously while the two atria relax
d. both the ventricles and the atria contract simultaneously to increase cardiac output.

Front 54

b. venous valves
d. respiratory movements
e. contraction of skeletal muscles

Back 54

What factors assist the return of venous blood to the heart?
a. peripheral pooling
b. venous valves
c. increased intra-abdominal pressure
d. respiratory movements
e. contraction of skeletal muscles

Front 55

d, b, c, a, e

Back 55

Alphabetize the correct sequence as blood travels through the following structures.
a. pulmonary veins
b. pulmonary arteries
c. lungs
d. right ventricle
e. left atrium

Front 56

d,b,a,e,c

Back 56

Alphabetize the normal sequence of an electrical impulse through the heart's conduction system.
a. atrioventricular bundle
b. AV node
c. purkinje fibers
d. SA node
e. right and left bundle branches