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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three functions of blood? |
1. distribution of 02 and nutrients, metabolic waste 2. regulation of body temp, normal PH etc 3. protection against blood loss, infection etc |
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What two involve blood composition? |
Plasma and formed elements (erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets) |
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What percent of blood plasma is water? |
90 |
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What cells are complete cells? |
White blood cells |
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What cell has no nuceli or organelles? |
Red Blood cells |
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What are erythrocytes? |
Biconcave discs filled with haemoglobin for gas transport, contain plasma membrane protein and other proteins |
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What does haemoglobin do? |
02 loading in the lungs, unloading in the tissues, loading in the tissues |
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What are erythrocytes? |
Structural characteristics that contribute to gas transport, red cell formation |
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What is haematopoiesis? |
Blood cell formation |
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What does too few red blood cells lead to? |
Tissue hypoxia |
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What does too many red blood cells do? |
Increases blood viscocity |
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What does the balance of red blood cells depend on? |
Hormone control and adequate supplies of ion |
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What causes anaemia? |
Red blood cell numbers down, haemoglobin content down, or abnormal haemoglobin |
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What are the three main factors influencing blood pressure? |
1. cardiac output 2. peripheral resistance (resistance caused by blood vessels) 3. blood volume |
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What is arterial blood presssure? |
term used in medicine to describe an average blood pressure in an individual |
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What is the formula for the mean arterial pressure? (MAP) |
MAP= diastolic pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure |
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What is pulse pressure? |
difference between systolic and diastolic pressure |
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What are the two main circulatory pathways? |
Pulmonary (short loop that runs from heart to lungs and back to heart) and systemic (long loops to all parts of body and back to head) |
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How many glycoprotein antigens do human red blood cell membranes bear? |
30 types |
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What classifies blood cells into different groups? |
presence or absence into each antigen |
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what are the four blood types? |
type ab, type a, type b and type o |
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Where is the heart located? |
midsternal line, near the 2nd rib |
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What are the main structures of the heart? |
superior vena cava, pulmonary trunk, diaphragm, aorta, partietal pleura, left lung, pericardium, apex of the heart |
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What are the four chambers of the heart? |
two atria, two ventricles |
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What does the right side of the heart do? |
carry blood to and from the lungs |
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What does the left side of the heart do? |
carry the blood to and from all the body tissues |
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what are the two heart valves? |
atrioventricular, semilunar |
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What are the three electrical events in the heart? |
Pacemaker potential, depolarization, repolarization |
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what are the three types of arteries? |
elastic, muscular, arteriole |
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what are the three structural types of capillaries? |
1. continuous capillaries: skin, muscle and brain 2. fenestrated capillaries: small intestines, endocrine glands and kidneys 3. sinusoidal capillaries: liver, bone marrow and spleen |
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What are the three types of veins? |
1. capillary 2. venule 3. vein |
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what are the differences between arteries and veins? |
delivery, location, pathways, supply/drainage |
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what are agranulocytes? |
lymphocytes and monocytes |
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What is coagulation? |
a set of reactions in which blood is transformed from a liquid to a gel |
