The P wave represents atrial depolarization. When the sinus node is in control, there should be a P wave for each and every QRS complex. Typically, sinus P waves do not plot through an ectopic from atrial tissue, since the premature atrial depolarization will reset the sinus cadence called a premature atrial complex (Blesi/Jones/Lewis pg136). The P waves is when the valves between the atria and ventricles open 70% of the blood in the atria and the atrial contraction is only required the final 30% (Merriam-Webster’s collegiate dictionary The University of Nottingham). The QRS complex represents the ventricular depolarization and it can be comprised of any combination of one, two, or three wave forms. Q wave is the first downward, or negative, wave; the R wave …show more content…
William Brady, MD 2014). Usually the normal T wave is in the same direction as the QRS complex and the P wave except in the right precordial leads (V2)” (Ashley EA, Raxwal VK, Froelicher VF). The normal T wave is asymmetric with the first half moving more slowly than the second half and is always upright in leads I, II, V3-6; inverted in lead aVR; and variable in leads III, aVL, aVF, and V1” (William Brady2014). A normal T wave peaks toward the end instead of the middle (Maria Luisa Duarte). The other leads are variable depending on the direction of the QRS and the age of the patient. The causes of T-wave inversions have commonly been grouped into 2 categories: primary and secondary changes (William Brady MD 2014). “Primary T-wave inversions are associated with benign syndromes, such as the persistent juvenile T-wave pattern and the digitalis effect”. “Secondary T-wave changes result from aberrant ventricular activation in the context of bundle-branch blocks (e.g., Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome)”. Not exceeding 5 mm in the arms or legs or 10 mm in the precordial leads (pg139). T-waves measures less than or equal to 0.12 second and 5 to 6mm, may be positive or negative,