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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Organic Compound
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covalently bonded compound that contains carbon, excluding carbonates and oxides
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Functional Group
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portion of a molecule that is active in a chemical reaction that determines the properties of many organic compounds
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Monomer
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simple molecule that can combine with other like or unlike molecules to make a polymer
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Polymer
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large molecule that is formed by more than five monomers, or small units
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Macromolecules
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very large organic molecules, usually a polymer, composed of hundreds or thousands of atoms
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Carbohydrate
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any organic compound that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and that provides nutrient to the cells of living things
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Monosaccharide
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simple sugar that is the basic subunit, or monomer, of a carbohydrate
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Disaccharide
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sugar formed from two monosaccharides
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Polysaccharide
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one of the carbohydrates made up of long chains of simple sugars; polysaccharides include starch, cellulose, and glycogen
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Protein
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organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells
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Amino Acid
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organic molecule that contains a carboxyl and an amino group and that makes up proteins; a protein monomer
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Peptide Bond
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chemical bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid
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Enzyme
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type of protein of RNA molecule that speeds up metabolic reactions in plant and animals without being permanently changed or destroyed
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Substrate
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part, substance, or element that lies beneath and supports another part, substance, or element; the reactant in reactions catalyzed by enzymes
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Active Site
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site on an enzyme that attaches to a substrate
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lipid
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large, non-polar organic molecule, including fats and steroids; lipids store energy and make up cell membranes
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fatty acid
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organic acid that is contained in lipids, such as fats or oils
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phospholipid
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lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in cell membranes
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wax
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type of structural lipid consisting of a long fatty-acid chain that is joined to a long alcohol chain
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steroid
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type of lipid that consists of four carbon rings to which various functional groups are attached and that usually has a physiological action
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nucleic acid
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organic compound, either DNA or RNA, whose molecules are made up of one or two chains of nucleotides and carry genetic information
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deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
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material that contains the information that determines inherited characteristics
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ribonucleic acid (RNA)
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natural polymer that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein synthesis
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nucleotide
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in a nucleic-acid chain, a subunit that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base
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